Skip to main content

The Upper Paleolithic

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
European Prehistory

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology ((IDCA))

Abstract

The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic is a watershed in European prehistory (Fig. 5.1). It is generally characterized by a number of significant changes in stone and bone technology. It also roughly coincides with the appearance of fully modern humans on the continent. However, the precise nature of both the archaeological and biological changes, as well as the relationship between the two, is much debated (Nitecki and Nitecki 1994). In order to discuss these debates and the conflicting interpretations of evidence, a simple, traditional scenario is first briefly presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adovasio, J., Hyland, D., and Soffer, O., 1997, Textiles and cordage: A preliminary assessment, in The Dolni Vestonice Studies, Vol. 4, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 403–424. Brno, Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adovasio, J., Soffer, O., and Klima, B., 1996, Upper Palaeolithic fibre technology: Interlaced woven finds from Pavlov I, Czech Republic, c. 26,000 years ago. Antiquity 70:526–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Affolter, J., Cattin, M., Leesch, D., Morel, P., Plumettaz, N., Thew, N., and Wendling, G., 1994, Monruz – Une nouvelle station Magdalénienne au Bord du Lac de Neuchâtel. Archäologie der Schweiz 17:94–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allsworth-Jones, P., 1986, The Szeletian and the Transition from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audouze, F., 1987, The Paris Basin in Magdalenian times, in The Pleistocene Old World, O. Soffer, ed., pp. 183–200. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audouze, F., and Enloe, J., 1991, Subsistence strategies and economy in the Magdalenian of the Paris Basin, France, in The Late Glacial in North-West Europe, N. Barton, A. Roberts, and D. Roe, eds., pp. 63–71. Oxford, Council for British Archaeology, CBA Research Report 77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahn, P., 1977, Seasonal migration in South-west France during the late glacial period. Journal of Archaeological Science 4:245–257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahn, P., 1982, Palaeolithic shell shock. Antiquity 56:47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahn, P., 1983, New finds at Pincevent. Nature 304:682–683.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahn, P., and Vertut, J., 1988, Images of the Ice Age. New York, NY, Facts on File.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, G.W., and Gamble, C., 1990, The Balkans at 18 000 BP: The view from Epirus, in The World at 18000 BP, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, eds., pp. 148–170. London, Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balter, M., 2000, Paintings in Italian cave may be oldest yet. Science 290:419–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benkert, A., Reinhard, J., and Schifferdecker, F., 1984, Chasseurs de Rennes et Paysans des Temps Lacustres dans la Baie de Champreveyres. Archäologie der Schweiz 7:42–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, J., Soler, N., Maroto, J., and Julia, R., 1989, Abrupt Mousterian/Aurignacian boundary at c. 40 ka bp: Accelerator 14C dates from L’Arbreda Cave (Catalunya, Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science 16:563–576.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocquet-Appel, P., and Demars, P., 2000, Neanderthal contraction and modern human colonization of Europe. Antiquity 74:544–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boessneck, J., and von den Driesch, A., 1973, Die Jungpleistozänen Tierknochenfunde aus der Brillenhöhle, in Das Paläolithikum der Brillenhöhle bei Blaubeuren, Teil II, G. Riek, ed., pp. 11–55. Stuttgart, Müller and Gräff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordes, F., 1968, Emplacements de Tentes du Perigordien Superieur Evolue a Corbiac (Pres Bergerac, Dordogne). Quartär 19:251–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosinski, G., 1982, The transition from lower/middle Palaeolithic in Northwestern Germany, in The Transition from Lower to Middle Palaeolithic and the Origin of Modern Man, A. Ronen, ed., pp. 165–175. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bouchud, J., 1954, Le Renne et le Probleme des Migrations. L’Anthropologie 58:79–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, K., 1990, Upper Palaeolithic Faunas from South-West France: A Zoogeographic Perspective. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratlund, B., 1996, Hunting strategies in the late glacial of Northern Europe: A survey of the faunal evidence. Journal of World Prehistory 10:1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, A., 1995, Prey Movements and Settlement Patterns during the Upper Palaeolithic in Southwestern France. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera, V., and Bischoff, J., 1989, Accelerator 14C dates for early upper Palaeolithic (Basal Aurignacian) at El Castillo Cave (Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science 16:577–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cann, R., Stoneking, M., and Wilson, A., 1987, Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature 325:31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase, P., 1989, How different was middle Palaeolithic subsistence? A zooarchaeological perspective on the middle to upper Palaeolithic transition, in The Human Revolution: Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans, P. Mellars and C. Stringer, eds., pp. 321–337. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J.G.D., 1975, The Earlier Stone Age Settlement of Scandinavia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G., 1994, Migration as an explanatory concept in Paleolithic archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 1:305–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G., 1997, Neanderthal genetics, Science 277:1024–1025.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G., Barton, M., and Cohen, A., 1996, Explaining art in the Franco-Cantabrian refugium: An information exchange model, in Debating Complexity, D. Meyer, P. Dawson, and D. Hanna, eds., pp. 241–253. Calgary, University of Calgary.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G.A.J., Riel-Salvatore, J., 2005/2006, Observations on systematics in Paleolithic archaeology, in Transitions before the Transition: Evolution and Stability in the Middle Paleolithic and the Middle Stone Age, E. Hovers and S. Kuhn, eds., pp. 29–56. New York, NY, Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLIMAP, 1976, The surface of Ice-Age Earth. Science 191:1131–1137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clottes, J., 1995, Nachwort: Der Heutige Kenntnisstand, in Grotte Chauvet, J. Chauvet, E. Deschamps, and C. Hillaire, eds., pp. 81–116. Sigmaringen, Jan Thorbecke Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • COHMAP, 1988, Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: Observations and model simulations. Science 241:1043–1052.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conkey, M., 1980, The identification of prehistoric hunter-gatherer aggregation sites: The case of Altamira. Current Anthropology 31:609–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A., Poinar, H., Pääbo, S., Radovcić, J., Debenath, A., Caparros, M., Barroso-Ruiz, C., Bertranpetit, J., Nielsen-Marsh, C., Hedges, R., and Sykes, B., 1997, Neandertal genetics. Science 277:1021–1024.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, N., 1973, On upper Palaeolithic society, ecology, and technological change: The Noaillian case, in The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory, C. Renfrew, ed., pp. 277–303. London, Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Baume, S., 1993, Nonflint tools of the early Paleolithic, in Before Lascaux, H. Knecht, ed., pp. 163–192. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Beaune, S., and White, R., 1993, Ice age lamps. Scientific American 268:108–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delluc, B., and Delluc, G., 1991, L’Art Parietal Archaïque en Aquitaine. Paris, CNRS, Supplement 28, Gallia Prehistoire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpech, F., 1975, Les Faunes du Paléolithique Supérieur dans le Sud-Ouest de la France, These de Doctorat d’Etat. Bordeaux, Sciences Naturelles 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpech, F., 1988, Le monde Magdalénien d’apres le mileu animal, in Le Peuplement Magdalénien, J.-P. Rigaud, H.H. Laville, and B. Vandermeersch, eds., pp. 127–135. Paris, Éditions du CTHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lumley, H., 1976, La Préhistoire Francaise. Paris, Éditions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demars, P., 1996, Demographie et occupation de l’espace au Paléolithique Supérieur et au Msolithique en France. Préhistoire Européenne 8:3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • d’Errico, F., and Zilhão, J., 1998, Neanderthal acculturation in Western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation, Current Anthropology 39, Supplement:S1–S44.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sonneville-Bordes, D., 1960, Le Paleolithique Superieur en Perigord. Bordeaux, Delmas.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sonneville-Bordes, D., 1963, Le Paleolithique Superieur en Suisse. L’Anthropologie 67:205–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sonneville-Bordes, D., 1974, The upper Palaeolithic, in France Before the Romans, S. Piggott, G. Daniel, and C. McBurney, eds., pp. 30–60. Park Ridge, NJ, Noyes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobosi, V., 1998–1999, Upper Palaeolithic open-air sites: Settlement features and functions. Archaeologica Austriaca 82–3:57–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duplessy, M., Vergnaud-Grazzini, C., Delibrias, G., Lalou, C., and Letolle, R., 1976, Paleoclimatologie des Temps Quaternaires a l’aide des methodes nucleaires, in La Préhistoire Française, H. de Lumley, ed., pp. 352–361. Paris, Éditions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, J., and David, F., 1997, Rangifer herd behavior: Seasonality of hunting in the magdalenian of the Paris Basin, in Caribou and Reindeer Hunters of the Northern Hemisphere, L. Jackson and P. Thacker, eds., pp. 52–68. Brookfield, VT, Avebury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J., 1975, The Environment of Early Man in the British Isles. London, Elek.

    Google Scholar 

  • Formicola, V., Pettitt, P., Maggi, R., and Hedges, R., 2005, Tempo and mode of formation of the Late Epigravettian necropolis of Arene Candide cave (Italy): Direct radiocarbon evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 32:1598–1602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frayer, D., 1992, Evolution at the European edge: Neanderthal and upper Paleolithic relationships. Préhistoire Européenne 2:9–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frayer, D., 1997, Perspectives on Neanderthals as ancestors, in Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, G. Clark and C. Willermet, eds., pp. 220–234. New York, NY, Aldine de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L., 1973, The significance of mammalian faunas from Paleolithic occupations in Cantabrian Spain. American Antiquity 38:3–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L., and Echegaray, J., 1981, El Juyo: A 14,000-year-old sanctuary from Northern Spain. History of Religions 21:1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frenzel, B., 1983, Die Vegetationsgeschichte Süddeutschlands im Eiszeitalter, in Urgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg, H. Müller-Beck, ed., pp. 91–165. Stuttgart, Konrad Theiss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamble, C., 1982, Interaction and alliance in Palaeolithic society. Man 17:92–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamble, C., 1991, The social context for European Palaeolithic art. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57:3–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gladkih, M., Kornietz, N., and Soffer, O., 1984, Mammoth bone dwellings on the Russian plain, Scientific American 251:164–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, B., 1988, Of Men and Reindeer Herds in French Magdalenian Prehistory. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigor’ev, G., 1993, The Kostenki-Avdeevo archaeological culture and the Willendorf-Pavlov-Kostenki-Avdeevo cultural unity, in From Kostenki to Clovis, O. Soffer and N. Praslov, eds., pp. 51–66. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, J., 1971, Aurignacian signs, pendants and art objects in central and eastern Europe. World Archaeology 3:252–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, J., 1976, Les industries Aurignaciennes dan le Bassin du Haut-Danube, in L’Aurignacien en Europe, J. Kozłowski, ed., pp. 10–29. Nice, Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the UISPP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, J., 1983, Die Frühe Mittelsteinzeit, in Urgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg, H. Müller-Beck, ed., pp. 363–392. Stuttgart, Konrad Theiss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, J., 1987, Aurignacian and Gravettian settlement patterns in Central Europe, in The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives, O. Soffer, ed., pp. 251–261. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, J., Müller-Beck, H., and Taute, W., 1973, Eiszeithöhlen im Lonetal. Stuttgart, Muller and Gräff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrold, F., 1989, The Chatelperronian and the early Aurignacian in France, in The Early Upper Paleolithic, J. Hoffecker and C. Wolf, eds., pp. 157–192. Oxford, BAR International Series 437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hockett, B., and Haws J., 2005, Nutritional ecology and the human demography of Neandertal extinction. Quaternary International 137: 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffecker, J., 1988, Early upper Palaeolithic sites of the European USSR, in The Early Upper Paleolithic, J. Hoffecker and C. Wolf, eds., pp. 237–272. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Housley, R., Gamble, C., Street, M., and Pettitt, P., 1997, Radiocarbon evidence for the late glacial human recolonisation of northern Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63:25–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jochim, M., 1983, Palaeolithic cave art in ecological perspective, in Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory, G. Bailey, ed., pp. 212–219. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jochim, M., 1987, Late Pleistocene refugia in Europe, in The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives, O. Soffer, ed., pp. 317–332. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jochim, M., Herhahn, C., and Starr, H., 1999, The Magdalenian colonization of southern Germany. American Anthropologist 101:129–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley, L.H., 1987, Hafting and retooling at Verberie, in La Main et l’Outil: Manches et Emmanchements Préhistoriques, D. Stordeur, ed., pp. 89–96. Lyon, Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient 15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R., Wolf, C., Freeman, L., and Allwarden, K., 1981, The use of dental crown heights for constructing age profiles of red deer and similar species in archaeological samples. Journal of Archaeological Science 8:1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klima, B., 1994, Die Knochenindustrie, Zier- und Kunstgegenstände, in Pavlov I: Excavations 1952–3, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 97–159. Liège, ERAUL 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozłowski, J.K., 1983, Le Paleolithique Superieure en Pologne. L’Anthropologie 87:49–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozłowski, J.K., 1986, The Gravettian in central and eastern Europe. Advances in World Archaeology 5:131–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozłowski, J.K., 1990, Northern central Europe ca. 18,000 BP, in The World at 18,000 BP, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, eds., pp. 204–227. London, Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozłowski, J., and Otte M., 2000, The formation of the Aurignacian in Europe. Journal of Anthropological Research 56: 513–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krings, M., Stone, A., Schmitz, R., Krainitzki, H., Stoneking, M., and Paabo, S., 1997, Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell 90: 19–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, S. and Steiner, M., 1998, The earliest Aurignacian of Riparo Mochi (Liguria, Italy). Current Anthropology 39: S175–S189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Gall, O., 1992, Les Magdaleniens et l’ichtyofaune dulçaquicole, in Le Peuplement Magdalénien, J.-P. Rigaud, H. Laville, and B. Vandermeersch, eds., pp. 277–285. Paris, Editions du CTHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Mort, F., and Gambier, D., 1992, Diversite du traitement des os humains au Magdalénien, in Le Peuplement Magdalénien, J.-P., Rigaud, H. Laville, and B. Vandermeersch, eds., pp. 29–40. Paris, Editions du CTHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leroi-Gourhan, A., 1968, The evolution of Paleolithic art. Scientific American 218:59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leroi-Gourhan, A., 1982, The Archaeology of Lascaux Cave. Scientific American 246:104–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leroi-Gourhan, A., and Brezillon, M., 1972, Fouilles de Pincevent: Essai d’Analyse Ethnographique d’un Habitat Magdalenien (la Section 36). Gallia Préhistoire 2, Supplement 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorblanchet, M., 1993, From styles to dates, in Rock Art Studies: The Post-Stylistic Era, M. Lorblanchet and P. Bahn, eds., pp. 61–73. Oxford, Oxbow Monographs 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshack, A., 1972, The Roots of Civilization. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, S., Hather, J., and Hillman G., 1994, Preliminary investigations of the plant macro-remains from Dolni Vestonice II and its implications for the role of plant foods in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe. Antiquity 68:48–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellars, P., 1973, The character of the middle-upper Palaeolithic transition in south-west France, in The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory, C. Renfrew, ed., pp. 255–276. London, Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellars, P., 1974, The Paleolithic and Mesolithic, in British Prehistory: A New Outline, C. Renfrew, ed., pp. 41–99. Park Ridge, NJ, Noyes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellars, P., 1985, The ecological basis of social complexity in the upper Palaeolithic of southwestern France, in Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers: The Emergence of Cultural Complexity, T. Price and J. Brown, eds., pp. 271–297. Orlando, FL, Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellars, P., 1987, Radiocarbon accelerator dating of French upper Palaeolithic sites. Current Anthropology 28:128–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellars, P., 1992, Archaeology and the population-dispersal hypothesis of modern human origins in Europe. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 337:225–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montet-White, A., 1984, Paleoenvironment and Paleolithic cultures in northern Bosnia. Archaeologia Interregionalis 2:9–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montet-White, A., 1988, Recent excavations at Grubgraben, a Gravettian site in lower Austria. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 18:213–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Musil, R., 1994, The fauna, in Pavlov: Excavations 1952–1953, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 181–209. Liège, ERAUL 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussi, M., 1990, Continuity and change in Italy at the last glacial maximum, in The World at 18 000 BP, Volume I: High Latitudes, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, ed., pp. 126–147. London, Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mussi, M., 2001, Earliest Italy. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naber, F., Berenger, D., and Zalles-Flosbach, C., 1976, L’Art Parietal Paleolithique en Europe Romane, Ie Partie. Bonn, Bonner Hefte zur Vorgeschichte 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitecki, M., and D. Nitecki, eds., 1994, The Evolution of Human Hunting. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliva, M., 1991, The Szeletian in Czechoslovakia. Antiquity 65:318–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, S., 1989, Solutre: A theoretical approach to the reconstruction of upper Palaeolithic hunting strategies. Journal of Human Evolution 18:295–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otte, M., 1976, L’Aurignacien en Belgique, in L’Aurignacien en Europe, J. Kozłowski, ed., pp. 144–163. Nice, UISPP Congrès IX, Colloque XVI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otte, M., 1985, Les Industries à Pointes Foliacées et a Pointes Pédonculées dans le Nord-Ouest Européen. Treignes, Belgium, Artifact 2, CEDARC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otte, M., 1988, Processus de Diffusion a Long Terme au Magdalénien, in Le Peuplement Magdalénien, pp. 399–416. Paris, Éditions du CTHS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otte, M., 1990, From the middle to the upper Palaeolithic: The nature of the transition, in The Emergence of Modern Humans, P. Mellars, ed., pp. 439–456. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paquereau, M., 1976, La Vegetation au Pleistocene Superieur et au Debut de l’Holocene dans le Sud-Ouest, in La Préhistoire Française, H. de Lumley, ed., pp. 525–530. Paris, Éditions du CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennisi, E., 1999, Genetic study shakes up out of Africa theory. Science 283:1828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettitt, P., and Bader, N., 2000, Direct AMS radiocarbon dates for the Sungir mid upper Palaeolithic burials. Antiquity 74:269–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle, H., 1998, New women of the ice age. Discover 19:62–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quechon, G., 1976, Les Sépultures des Hommes du Paléolithique Supérieur, in La Préhistoire Française, Vol. 1, H. de Lumley, ed., pp. 728–733. Paris, CNRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, M., Macaulay, V., Hickey, E., Vega, E., Sykes, B., Guida, V., Rengo, C., Cruciani, F., Kivisild, T., Villems, R., Thomas, M., Rychkov, S., Rychkov, O., Rychkov, Y., Gölge, M., Dimitrov, D., Hill, E., Bradley, D., Romano, V., Calì, F., Vona, G., Demaine, A., Papiha, S., Triantaphyllidis, C., Stefanescu, G., Hatina, J., Belledi, M., Di Rienzo, A., Novelletto, A., Oppenheim, A., Nørby, S., Al-Zaheri, N., Santachiara-Benerecetti, S., Scozzari, R., Torroni, A., and Bandel, H.-J., 2000, Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. American Journal of Human Genetics 67:1251–1276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D., Waiblinger, J., Rink, W., and Wagner, G., 2000, Thermoluminescence, electron spin resonance and C14-dating of the late middle and early upper Palaeolithic site of Geissenklösterle cave in southern Germany. Journal of Archaeological Science 27:71–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riek, G., 1973, Das Paläolithikum der Brillenhöhle bei Blaubeuren. Stuttgart, Müller and Gräff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigaud, J., and Simek, J., 1990, The last Pleniglacial in the south of France (24 000–14 000 Years Ago), in The World at 18 000 BP, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, eds., pp. 69–88. London, Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rust, A., 1972, Vor 20 000 Jahren: Rentierjäger der Eiszeit. Neumünster, Karl Wachholtz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sackett, J., 1988, The Neuvic group, in Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia, H. Dibble and A. Montet-White, eds., pp. 61–84. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, University Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmider, B., 1990, The last Pleniglacial in the Paris Basin, in The World at 18 000 BP, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, eds., pp. 41–53. Londonn Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuler, A., 1994, Die Schussenquelle. Stuttgart, Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Materialhefte zur Archäologie 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Semino, O., Passarino, G., Oefner, P., Lin, A., Arbuzova, S., Beckman, L., De Benedictis, G., Francalacci, P., Kouvatsi, A., Limborska, S., Marciklae, M., Mika, A., Mika, B., Primorac, D., Santachiara-Benerecetti, A., Cavalli-Sforza, L., Underhill P., 2000, The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: A Y chromosome perspective. Science 290:1155–1159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, A., 1971, Palaeolithic decorated bone discs. British Museum Quarterly 35:206–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, A., 1987, Engraved Magdalenian Plaquettes. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P., 1965, Some solutrean problems and suggestions for further research, in Miscelanea en Homenaje al Abate Henri Breuil, E. Ripoll Perelló, ed., pp. 389–407. Barcelona, Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueologia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, F., 2000, The fate of the Neandertals. Scientific American 282:106–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., 1985, The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain. New York, NY, Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., ed., 1987, The Pleistocene Old World: Regional Perspectives. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., 1990, The middle to upper Palaeolithic transition on the Russian plain, in The Emergence of Modern Humans, P. Mellars, ed., pp. 715–742. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., 1993, Upper Paleolithic adaptations in central and eastern Europe and man-mammoth interactions, in From Kostenki to Clovis, O. Soffer and N. Praslov, eds., pp. 31–50. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., and Vandiver, P., 1994, The ceramics, in Pavlov I: Excavations 1952–1953, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 161–173. Liège, ERAUL 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O., and Vandiver, P., 1997, The ceramics from Pavlov I – 1957 excavations, in The Dolni Vestonice Studies, Vol. 4, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 383–401. Brno, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiess, A., 1979, Reindeer and Caribou Hunters: An Archaeological Study. New York, NY, Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., 1977, Thoughts on Solutrean concave point distribution. Lithic Technology 6:32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., 1983, From Mousterian to Magdalenian: Cultural evolution viewed from Cantabrian Spain and Pyrenean France, in The Mousterian Legacy, E. Trinkhaus, ed., pp. 73–111. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports S164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., 1985, Stone age prehistory of northern Spain. Science 230:501–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., 1987, Hunting in late upper Palaeolithic western Europe, in The Evolution of Human Hunting, M. Nitecki and D. Nitecki, eds., pp. 147–176. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., 1988, The uppermost Pleistocene in Gascony: A view from Abri Dufour, in Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia, H. Dibble and A. Montet-White, eds., pp. 41–60. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania, University Museum Monograph 54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., Bicho, N., and Winegardner, A., 2000, The upper Palaeolithic settlement of Iberia: First-generation maps. Antiquity 74:553–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, L., and Clark, G., 1986, La Riera Cave. Tempe, Arizona State University, Anthropological Research Papers 36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer, C., and Gamble, C., 1993, In Search of the Neanderthals. London, Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturdy, D., 1975, Some reindeer economies in prehistoric Europe, in Palaeoeconomy, E. Higgs, ed., pp. 55–95. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, J., 1976, Zur Problematik der Magdalenienzeitlichen Kunst Mitteleuropas. Anthropologie 14:163–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, J., 1990, Moravia during the upper Pleniglacial, in The World at 18,000 BP, O. Soffer and C. Gamble, eds., pp. 193–203. London, Unwin Hyman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, J., 1994, The Pavlov site, Czech Republic: Lithic evidence from the upper Paleolithic. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:69–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svoboda, J., Ložek, V., and Vlček, E., 1996, Hunters Between East and West. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomášková, S., 1994, Use-wear analysis and its spatial interpretation, in Pavlov I, Excavations 1952–1953, J. Svoboda, ed., pp. 35–47. Liège, ERAUL 66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valoch, K., 1980, Le Fin des Temps Glaciaires en Moravie (Tschecoslovaquie). L’Anthropologie 84:380–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Andel, T.J., and Tzedakis, P., 1996, Palaeolithic landscapes of Europe and environs, 150,000–25,000 years ago: An overview. Quaternary Science Reviews 15:481–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandiver, P., Soffer, O., Klima, B., and Svoboda, J., 1989, The origins of ceramic technology at Dolni Vestonice, Czechoslovakia. Science 246:1002–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanhaeren, M., and d’Errico, F., 2005, Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Riviere burial: Evidence for social inequality in the upper Palaeolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24:117–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanhaeren, M., and d’Errico F., 2006, Aurignacian ethno-linguistic geography of Europe revealed by personal ornaments. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:1105–1128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Veil, S., 1982, Der späteiszeitliche Fundplatz Andernach-Martinsberg. Germania 60:391–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlček, E., 1996, Patterns of human evolution, in Hunters Between East and West: The Paleolithic of Moravia, J. Svoboda, V. Ložek, and E. Vlček, eds., pp. 37–74. New York, NY, Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weniger, G., 1982, Wildbeuter und Ihre Umwelt. Tübingen, Archaeologica Venatoria 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, D., 1997, Hunting Strategies in Central Europe During the Last Glacial Maximum. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whallon, R., 1989, Elements of cultural change in the later Palaeolithic, in The Human Revolution, P. Mellars and C. Stringer, eds., pp. 433–454. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R., 1985, Upper Paleolithic Land Use in the Perigord. Oxford, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 253.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R., 1986, Dark Caves, Bright Visions. New York, NY, Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R., 1993, Technological and social dimensions of “Aurignacian-Age” body ornaments across Europe, in Before Lascaux, H. Knecht, ed., pp. 277–299. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willermet, C., and Clark, G., 1995, Paradigm crisis in modern human origins research. Journal of Human Evolution 29:487–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, K., and Whitaker, R., 2000, The refugial debate. Science 287:1406–1407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J., 1975, The last glacial environment at the Abri Pataud, in Excavation of the Abri Pataud, H. Movius, ed., pp. 174–186. Cambridge, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin No. 30, Peabody Museum, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zilhão, J., 2000, Fate of the Neandertals. Archaeology 53:25–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zilhão, J., Aubry, T., Carvalho, A., Baptista, A., Gomes, M., and Meireles, J., 1998–1999, The rock art of the Coa valley (Portugal) and its archaeological context: First results of current research. Journal of European Archaeology 5:7–49.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Jochim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jochim, M. (2011). The Upper Paleolithic. In: Milisauskas, S. (eds) European Prehistory. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6633-9_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics