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Molecular Genetics of Liver Neoplasia pp 3–17Cite as

Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Past, Present and Beyond

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Part of the book series: Cancer Genetics ((CANGENETICS))

Abstract

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is the third most deadly and fifth most common cancer in the world (Parkin et al. 1999), with an estimated 626,000 or 5.7% of new cancer cases and almost as many deaths in 2002 (Parkin et al. 2005). Liver cancer is an ancient disease and its description can be found in Huangdi Neijing, an ancient Chinese medical textbook also known as Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon dated back over 2000 years ago. However, the first mentioned PLC case could be dated as early as 1849 by Carl Rokitansky and the definition of PLC, as referenced to metastatic liver cancer, was only formally established in 1888 by Victor Hanot and Augustin Gilbert, and in 1889 independently by Moriharu Miura (Hanot and Gilbert 1888; Rokitansky 1849; Yamagiwa 1911). Traditionally, PLC was considered as an incurable disease due to an extremely poor outcome. Patients with PLC have been an underserved population since the beginning of its discovery and the disease is becoming a major health burden worldwide. Clearly, there is a strong need in expanding basic and translational research on PLC with an ultimate goal to reduce its severity. Recent studies on HCC genetic and genomic analyses feature important advances in the understanding of the complex biological processes underlying tumorigenesis and metastasis of PLC, and demonstrate how these insights might translate into clinical applications. As we approach a golden era in PLC research, we anticipate a significant advance in our understanding of this disease in near future. We are confident that the knowledge gain from continuing research efforts on PLC undoubtedly facilitates the understanding of molecular mechanism and tumor biology to provide the best therapy for each cancer patient and to improve patient management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4258, Building 37, Room 3044A, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Xin Wei Wang (Senior Investigator, Head)

  2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    Joe W. Grisham M.D. (Kenan Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Emeritus)

  3. Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 37, Room 4146A, 37 Convent Drive MSC 4262, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4262, USA

    Snorri S. Thorgeirsson M.D., Ph.D. (Head, Center of Excellence in Integrative Cancer Biology and Genomics Chief)

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  1. Xin Wei Wang
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Correspondence to Xin Wei Wang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lab. Human Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Health, Convent Drive 37, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Xin Wei Wang

  2. Lab. Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Health, Convent Drive 37, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Joe W. Grisham

  3. Lab. Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Health, Convent Drive 37, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA

    Snorri S. Thorgeirsson

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Wang, X.W., Grisham, J.W., Thorgeirsson, S.S. (2010). Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Past, Present and Beyond. In: Wang, X., Grisham, J., Thorgeirsson, S. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Liver Neoplasia. Cancer Genetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6082-5_1

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