Skip to main content

The Epidemiology of Fertility Preservation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fertility Preservation

Abstract

Cancer survivors are living longer lives in ever greater numbers, due to significant improvements in cancer therapy and changes in population age structures. Thus, the focus from merely living to living well has highlighted the need for fertility preserving methods during cancer treatment. Pregnancy for women with a previous diagnosis of cancer is safe, with no evidence of increased risk of recurrence. However, offspring of such women may be susceptible to preterm delivery, low birth weight, and other perinatal morbidities. Both patients and providers alike may have poor knowledge about fertility preservation during cancer, which highlights the need for increased education in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:43–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Seer cancer statistics review 1975–2007.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Green DM, Kawashima T, Stovall M, Leisenring W, Sklar CA, Mertens AC, et al. Fertility of male survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:332–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Green DM, Kawashima T, Stovall M, Leisenring W, Sklar CA, Mertens AC, et al. Fertility of female survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27: 2677–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tschudin S, Bitzer J. Psychological aspects of fertility preservation in men and women affected by cancer and other life-threatening diseases. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15:587–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Probability of developing or dying of cancer software, version 6.4.1. Statistical research and applications branch, national cancer institute, 2009. http://srab.Cancer.Gov/devcan

  7. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program (www.Seer.Cancer.Gov) seer*stat database: nov 2009 sub (1973–2007), national cancer institute, dccps, surveillance research program, cancer statistics branch, released april 2010, based on the november 2009 submission.

  8. Berrino F, De Angelis R, Sant M, Rosso S, Bielska-Lasota M, Coebergh JW, et al. Survival for eight major cancers and all cancers combined for european adults diagnosed in 1995–99: results of the eurocare-4 study. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:773–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Karim-Kos HE, de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Lemmens V, Siesling S, Coebergh JW. Recent trends of cancer in Europe: a combined approach of incidence, survival and mortality for 17 cancer sites since the 1990s. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:1345–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Yeh JM, Nekhlyudov L, Goldie SJ, Mertens AC, Diller L. A model-based estimate of cumulative excess mortality in survivors of childhood cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:409–17, W131–408.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mariotto AB, Rowland JH, Yabroff KR, Scoppa S, Hachey M, Ries L, et al. Long-term survivors of childhood cancers in the united states. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:1033–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Katsifis GE, Tzioufas AG. Ovarian failure in systemic lupus erythematosus patients treated with pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide. Lupus. 2004;13:673–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Langevitz P, Klein L, Pras M, Many A. The effect of cyclophosphamide pulses on fertility in patients with lupus nephritis. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992;28:157–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cameron JS. Lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10:413–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nossent J, Kiss E, Rozman B, Pokorny G, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Olesinska M, et al. Disease activity and damage accrual during the early disease course in a multinational inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2010;19: 949–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ravelli A, Ruperto N, Martini A. Outcome in juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:568–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Matthews TJ, Hamilton BE. Delayed childbearing: more women are having their first child later in life. NCHS Data Brief 2009;(21):1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. Mean age of mother, 1970–2000. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2002;51(1):1–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kalberer U, Baud D, Fontanet A, Hohlfeld P, de Ziegler D. Birth records from swiss married couples analyzed over the past 35 years reveal an aging of first-time mothers by 5.1 years while the interpregnancy interval has shortened. Fertil Steril. 2009;92:2072–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee SJ, Schover LR, Partridge AH, Patrizio P, Wallace WH, Hagerty K, et al. American society of clinical oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2917–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dohle GR. Male infertility in cancer patients: review of the literature. Int J Urol. 2010;17:327–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. de Bree E, Makrigiannakis A, Askoxylakis J, Melissas J, Tsiftsis DD. Pregnancy after breast cancer: a comprehensive review. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101:534–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Blakely LJ, Buzdar AU, Lozada JA, Shullaih SA, Hoy E, Smith TL, et al. Effects of pregnancy after treatment for breast carcinoma on survival and risk of recurrence. Cancer. 2004;100:465–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Clark RM, Chua T. Breast cancer and pregnancy: the ultimate challenge. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1989;1:11–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Danforth Jr DN. How subsequent pregnancy affects outcome in women with a prior breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 1991;5:23–30. discussion 30–21, 35.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gelber S, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Marini G, Lindtner J, et al. Effect of ­pregnancy on overall survival after the diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:1671–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Harvey JC, Rosen PP, Ashikari R, Robbins GF, Kinne DW. The effect of pregnancy on the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast following radical mastectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153:723–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M, Semmens J. Pregnancy after breast cancer: Population based study. BMJ. 2007;334:194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mignot L, Morvan F, Berdah J, Querleu D, Laurent JC, Verhaeghe M, et al. [Pregnancy after treated breast cancer. Results of a case-control study]. Presse Med. 1986;15:1961–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Mueller BA, Simon MS, Deapen D, Kamineni A, Malone KE, Daling JR. Childbearing and survival after breast carcinoma in young women. Cancer. 2003;98:1131–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sankila R, Heinavaara S, Hakulinen T. Survival of breast cancer patients after subsequent term pregnancy: “Healthy mother effect”. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:818–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Velentgas P, Daling JR, Malone KE, Weiss NS, Williams MA, Self SG, et al. Pregnancy after breast carcinoma: outcomes and influence on mortality. Cancer. 1999;85:2424–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Weisz B, Schiff E, Lishner M. Cancer in pregnancy: maternal and fetal implications. Hum Reprod Update. 2001;7:384–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Largillier R, Savignoni A, Gligorov J, Chollet P, Guilhaume MN, Spielmann M, et al. Prognostic role of pregnancy occurring before or after treatment of early breast cancer patients aged <35 years: a get(n)a working group analysis. Cancer. 2009;115:5155–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Grin CM, Driscoll MS, Grant-Kels JM. The relationship of pregnancy, hormones, and melanoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1998;17:167–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Reintgen DS, McCarty Jr KS, Vollmer R, Cox E, Seigler HF. Malignant melanoma and pregnancy. Cancer. 1985;55:1340–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Green DM, Peabody EM, Nan B, Peterson S, Kalapurakal JA, Breslow NE. Pregnancy outcome after treatment for wilms tumor: a report from the national wilms tumor study group. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2506–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Lie Fong S, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Eijkemans MJ, Schipper I, Hukkelhoven CW, Laven JS. Pregnancy outcome in female childhood cancer survivors. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:1206–12.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Magelssen H, Melve KK, Skjaerven R, Fossa SD. Parenthood probability and pregnancy outcome in patients with a cancer diagnosis during adolescence and young adulthood. Hum Reprod. 2008;23: 178–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Reulen RC, Zeegers MP, Wallace WH, Frobisher C, Taylor AJ, Lancashire ER, et al. Pregnancy outcomes among adult survivors of childhood cancer in the british childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18:2239–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sanders JE, Hawley J, Levy W, Gooley T, Buckner CD, Deeg HJ, et al. Pregnancies following high-dose cyclophosphamide with or without high-dose busulfan or total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 1996;87:3045–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Signorello LB, Cohen SS, Bosetti C, Stovall M, Kasper CE, Weathers RE, et al. Female survivors of childhood cancer: preterm birth and low birth weight among their children. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98: 1453–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Sudour H, Chastagner P, Claude L, Desandes E, Klein M, Carrie C, et al. Fertility and pregnancy outcome after abdominal irradiation that included or excluded the pelvis in childhood tumor survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76:867–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Chiarelli AM, Marrett LD, Darlington GA. Pregnancy outcomes in females after treatment for childhood cancer. Epidemiology. 2000;11:161–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Green DM, Whitton JA, Stovall M, Mertens AC, Donaldson SS, Ruymann FB, et al. Pregnancy outcome of female survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:1070–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hawkins MM, Smith RA. Pregnancy outcomes in childhood cancer survivors: probable effects of ­abdominal irradiation. Int J Cancer. 1989;43:399–402.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Salooja N, Szydlo RM, Socie G, Rio B, Chatterjee R, Ljungman P, et al. Pregnancy outcomes after peripheral blood or bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective survey. Lancet. 2001;358:271–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Li FP, Gimbrere K, Gelber RD, Sallan SE, Flamant F, Green DM, et al. Outcome of pregnancy in survivors of wilms’ tumor. JAMA. 1987;257:216–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hawkins MM, Draper GJ, Smith RA. Cancer among 1,348 offspring of survivors of childhood cancer. Int J Cancer. 1989;43:975–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Winther JF, Boice Jr JD, Svendsen AL, Frederiksen K, Stovall M, Olsen JH. Spontaneous abortion in a danish population-based cohort of childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4340–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Critchley HO, Bath LE, Wallace WH. Radiation damage to the uterus – review of the effects of treatment of childhood cancer. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2002;5:61–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Sawka AM, Lakra DC, Lea J, Alshehri B, Tsang RW, Brierley JD, et al. A systematic review examining the effects of therapeutic radioactive iodine on ovarian function and future pregnancy in female thyroid cacer survivors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008;69:479–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Winther JF, Boice Jr JD, Frederiksen K, Bautz A, Mulvihill JJ, Stovall M, et al. Radiotherapy for childhood cancer and risk for congenital malformations in offspring: a population-based cohort study. Clin Genet. 2009;75:50–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Langeveld NE, Ubbink MC, Last BF, Grootenhuis MA, Voute PA, De Haan RJ. Educational achievement, employment and living situation in long-term young adult survivors of childhood cancer in the netherlands. Psychooncology. 2003;12:213–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Zebrack BJ, Casillas J, Nohr L, Adams H, Zeltzer LK. Fertility issues for young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Psychooncology. 2004;13:689–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Goldsby R, Burke C, Nagarajan R, Zhou T, Chen Z, Marina N, et al. Second solid malignancies among children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with malignant bone tumors after 1976: follow-up of a children’s oncology group cohort. Cancer. 2008;113:2597–604.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Meadows AT, Friedman DL, Neglia JP, Mertens AC, Donaldson SS, Stovall M, et al. Second neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer: findings from the childhood cancer survivor study cohort. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2356–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Sankila R, Pukkala E, Teppo L. Risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms among 470,000 cancer patients in finland, 1953–1991. Int J Cancer. 1995;60:464–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Madanat-Harjuoja LM, Malila N, Lahteenmaki P, Pukkala E, Mulvihill JJ, Boice Jr JD, et al. Risk of ­cancer among children of cancer patients – a nationwide study in finland. Int J Cancer. 2010;126:1196–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sankila R, Olsen JH, Anderson H, Garwicz S, Glattre E, Hertz H, et al. Risk of cancer among offspring of childhood-cancer survivors. Association of the nordic cancer registries and the nordic society of paediatric haematology and oncology. N Engl J Med. 1998;338: 1339–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bessho F, Kobayashi M. Adult survivors of children’s cancer and their offspring. Pediatr Int. 2000;42:121–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Hawkins MM, Draper GJ, Winter DL. Cancer in the offspring of survivors of childhood leukaemia and non-hodgkin lymphomas. Br J Cancer. 1995;71:1335–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Mulvihill JJ, Myers MH, Connelly RR, Byrne J, Austin DF, Bragg K, et al. Cancer in offspring of long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. Lancet. 1987;2:813–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Bajnoczky K, Khezri S, Kajtar P, Szucs R, Kosztolanyi G, Mehes K. No chromosomal instability in offspring of survivors of childhood malignancy. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1999;109:79–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Byrne J, Rasmussen SA, Steinhorn SC, Connelly RR, Myers MH, Lynch CF, et al. Genetic disease in offspring of long-term survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;62:45–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Tawn EJ, Whitehouse CA, Winther JF, Curwen GB, Rees GS, Stovall M, et al. Chromosome analysis in childhood cancer survivors and their offspring–no evidence for radiotherapy-induced persistent genomic instability. Mutat Res. 2005;583:198–206.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Winther JF, Boice Jr JD, Mulvihill JJ, Stovall M, Frederiksen K, Tawn EJ, et al. Chromosomal abnormalities among offspring of childhood-cancer survivors in denmark: a population-based study. Am J Hum Genet. 2004;74:1282–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Chow EJ, Kamineni A, Daling JR, Fraser A, Wiggins CL, Mineau GP, et al. Reproductive outcomes in male childhood cancer survivors: a linked cancer-birth registry analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163: 887–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Reulen RC, Zeegers MP, Lancashire ER, Winter DL, Hawkins MM. Offspring sex ratio and gonadal irradiation in the british childhood cancer survivor study. Br J Cancer. 2007;96:1439–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Winther JF, Boice Jr JD, Thomsen BL, Schull WJ, Stovall M, Olsen JH. Sex ratio among offspring of childhood cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2003;88:382–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Green DM, Whitton JA, Stovall M, Mertens AC, Donaldson SS, Ruymann FB, et al. Pregnancy outcome of partners of male survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:716–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Meirow D, Epstein M, Lewis H, Nugent D, Gosden RG. Administration of cyclophosphamide at different stages of follicular maturation in mice: effects on reproductive performance and fetal malformations. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:632–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Robbins WA, Meistrich ML, Moore D, Hagemeister FB, Weier HU, Cassel MJ, et al. Chemotherapy induces transient sex chromosomal and autosomal aneuploidy in human sperm. Nat Genet. 1997;16:74–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Winther JF, Boice JD Jr, Christensen J, Frederiksen K, Mulvihill JJ, Stovall M, Olsen JH. Hospitalizations among children of survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2879–87.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Mancini J, Rey D, Preau M, Malavolti L, Moatti JP. Infertility induced by cancer treatment: inappropriate or no information provided to majority of french survivors of cancer. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:1616–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Partridge AH, Gelber S, Peppercorn J, Sampson E, Knudsen K, Laufer M, et al. Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4174–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Duffy CM, Allen SM, Clark MA. Discussions regarding reproductive health for young women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:766–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Schover LR. Psychosocial aspects of infertility and decisions about reproduction in young cancer ­survivors: a review. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1999;33:53–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Quinn GP, Vadaparampil ST, Lee JH, Jacobsen PB, Bepler G, Lancaster J, et al. Physician referral for fertility preservation in oncology patients: a national study of practice behaviors. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27: 5952–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Anderson RA, Weddell A, Spoudeas HA, Douglas C, Shalet SM, Levitt G, et al. Do doctors discuss fertility issues before they treat young patients with cancer? Hum Reprod. 2008;23:2246–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Goodwin T, Elizabeth Oosterhuis B, Kiernan M, Hudson MM, Dahl GV. Attitudes and practices of pediatric oncology providers regarding fertility issues. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48:80–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Quinn GP, Vadaparampil ST, Gwede CK, Miree C, King LM, Clayton HB, et al. Discussion of fertility preservation with newly diagnosed patients: oncologists’ views. J Cancer Surviv. 2007;1:146–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Robertson JA. Cancer and fertility: ethical and legal challenges. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2005;(34):104–6.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Schover LR, Brey K, Lichtin A, Lipshultz LI, Jeha S. Oncologists’ attitudes and practices regarding banking sperm before cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1890–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Allen C, Keane D, Harrison RF. A survey of irish consultants regarding awareness of sperm freezing and assisted reproduction. Ir Med J. 2003;96:23–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Forman EJ, Anders CK, Behera MA. A nationwide survey of oncologists regarding treatment-related infertility and fertility preservation in female cancer patients. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:1652–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. King L, Quinn GP, Vadaparampil ST, Gwede CK, Miree CA, Wilson C, et al. Oncology nurses’ perceptions of barriers to discussion of fertility preservation with patients with cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008;12:467–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Vadaparampil ST, Clayton H, Quinn GP, King LM, Nieder M, Wilson C. Pediatric oncology nurses’ attitudes related to discussing fertility preservation with pediatric cancer patients and their families. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2007;24:255–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Zapzalka DM, Redmon JB, Pryor JL. A survey of oncologists regarding sperm cryopreservation and assisted reproductive techniques for male cancer patients. Cancer. 1999;86:1812–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Jenninga E, Hilders CG, Louwe LA, Peters AA. Female fertility preservation: practical and ethical considerations of an underused procedure. Cancer J. 2008;14:333–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. de Vries MC, Bresters D, Engberts DP, Wit JM, van Leeuwen E. Attitudes of physicians and parents towards discussing infertility risks and semen cryopreservation with male adolescents diagnosed with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;53:386–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Clayton H, Quinn GP, Lee JH, King LM, Miree CA, Nieder M, et al. Trends in clinical practice and nurses’ attitudes about fertility preservation for pediatric patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008;35:249–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. King L, Quinn GP, Vadaparampil ST, Miree CA, Wilson C, Clayton H, et al. Oncology social workers’ perceptions of barriers to discussing fertility preservation with cancer patients. Soc Work Health Care. 2008;47:479–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ. Revised birth and fertility rates for the 1990s and new rates for Hispanic populations, 2000 and 2001: United States. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2003;51:1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Menacker F, Kimeyer S, Matthews TJ. Births: final data for 2006. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2006;57:1–104.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Ventura SJ. Births: preliminary data for 2008. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2010;58:1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Vienna Institute of Demography. European demographic data sheet 2008. Retrieved from: http://www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/datasheet/download/sources_notes_datasheet2008.pdf. [Retrieved 7/20/11].

  98. Statistics Canada. Report on the demographic situation in Canada, 2005 and 2006. Retrieved from: http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/collection_2008/statcan/91-209-X/91-209-XIE2004000.pdf. [Retrieved 7/20/11].

  99. Council of Europe publishing. Recent demographic developments in Europe, 2002. Retrieved from: http://www.coe.int/t/e/social_cohesion/population/d%C3%A9mo211960EN.PDF. [Retrieved 7/20/11].

  100. United Nations economic commission for Europe. Trends in Europe and North America. The statistical yearbook of the economic commission for Europe 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. Mean age of mother, 1970–2000. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2002;51:1–13

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emre Seli MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Murk, W., Seli, E., Seli, E. (2012). The Epidemiology of Fertility Preservation. In: Seli, E., Agarwal, A. (eds) Fertility Preservation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1783-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1783-6_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1782-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1783-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics