Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Geriatric Gastroenterology pp 33–47Cite as

The Gastrointestinal System and Aging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Normal aging is associated with structural and functional alterations in most organs, with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract being no exception. Confounding factors render age-related GI functional changes difficult to interpret, since there is the concurrent existence and influence of neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and other disorders in the older adults. Normal aging by itself is insufficient to account for major alterations, whether they are secretory, absorptive, hormonal, motor, or sensory in older adults. Hormone effects on the gut and complex and age consequences are not always clear. While aging is accompanied by subtle alterations in structure and function of several components of the GI system, the implications for daily living and function are minimal and only become an issue in most instances when accompanied by disease. The chapter discusses morphological and physiological changes with age in the GI system and provides clinical applications where relevant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Morley JE. The aging gut: physiology. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007;23(4):757–67, v–vi.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hall KE, Proctor DD, Fisher L, Rose S. American gastroenterology future trends committee report: effects of aging of the population on gastroenterology practice, education and research. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:1305–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhutto A, Morley JE. The clinical significance of gastrointestinal changes with aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(5):651–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Firth M, Prather CM. Gastrointestinal motility problems in the elderly patient. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(6):1688–700.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dharmarajan TS, Kokkat AJ, Pitchumoni CS. The aging gut. Pract Gastroenterol. 2001;25(1):15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Blechman MB, Gelb AM. Aging and gastrointestinal physiology. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15:429–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Donini LM, Savina C, Cannella C. Eating habits and appetite control in the elderly: the anorexia of aging. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003;15(1):73–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Firth M, Prather CM. Gastrointestinal motility problems in the elderly patient. Gastroenterology. 2002;122(6):1688–700.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Salles N. Basic mechanisms of the aging gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis. 2007;25(2):112–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Drozdowski L, Thomson AB. Aging and the intestine. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12(47):7578–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Orr WC, Chen CL. Aging and neural control of the GI tract: IV. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002;283(6):G1226–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kvetnoy I, Popuichiev V, Mikhina L, et al. Gut neuroendocrine cells: relationship to the proliferative activity and apoptosis of mucous epitheliocytes in aging. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2001;22(5):337–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Holt PR. Effect of aging upon the small intestine and colon. In: Pilotto A, Malfertheiner P, Holt PR, editors. Aging and the gastrointestinal tract. New York: Karger; 2003. p. 57–64.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mckenna G, Burke FM. Age-related oral changes. Dent Update. 2010;37(8):519–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Christensen GJ. The inevitable maladies of the mature dentition. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131:803–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. De Rossi SS, Slaughter YA. Oral changes in older patients: a clinician’s guide. Quintessence Int. 2007;38(9):773–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Guiglia R, Musciotto A, Compilato D, et al. Aging and oral health: effects in hard and soft tissues. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(6):619–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schiffman SS. Effects of aging on the human taste system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1170:725–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schiffman SS, Graham BG. Taste and smell perception affect appetite and immunity in the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 3:S54–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Koehler J, Leonhaeuser IU. Changes in food preferences during aging. Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52 Suppl 1:15–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Boyce JM, Shone GR. Effects of ageing on smell and taste. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82(966):239–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Filipi K, Halackova Z, Filipe V. Oral health status, salivary factors and microbial analysis in patients with active gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Int Dent J. 2011;61(4):231–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gonsalves WC, Wrightson AS, Henry RG. Common oral conditions in older persons. Am Fam Physician. 2008;78(7):845–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fukunaga A, Uematsu H, Sugimoto K. Influences of aging on taste perception and oral somatic sensation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(1):109–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kaneda H, Maeshima K, Goto N, et al. Decline inn taste and odor discrimination abilities with age, and relationship between gustation and olfaction. Chem Senses. 2000;25(3):331–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Heft MW, Robinson ME. Age differences in orofacial sensory thresholds. J Dent Res. 2010;89(10):1102–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shaker R, Staff D. Esophageal disorders in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2001;30:335–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Greenwald DA. Aging, the gastrointestinal tract, and risk of acid-related disease. Am J Med. 2004;117(Suppl 5A):8S–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lee J, Anggiansah A, Anggiansah R, et al. Effects of age on the gastroesophageal junction, esophageal motility, and reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(12):1392–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tamine K, Ono T, Hori K, et al. Age-related changes in tongue pressure during swallowing. J Dent Res. 2010;89(10):1097–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Shaker R, Ren J, Podvrsan B, et al. Effect of aging and bolus variables on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter motor function. Am J Physiol. 1993;264(3 Pt 1):G427–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ren J, Shaker R, Kusano M, et al. Effect of aging on secondary esophageal peristalsis: presbyesophagus revisited. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(5 Pt 1):G772–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Orr WC, Chen CL. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002;283:G1226–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Lee J, Anggiansah A, Anggiansah R, et al. Effects of age on the gastroesophageal junction, esophageal motility and reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(12):1392–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Pilotto A. Aging and upper gastrointestinal disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;18(Suppl):73–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Haruma K, Kamada T, Kawaguchi H, et al. Effect of age and Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acid secretion. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000;15:277–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Nakamura K, Ogoshi K, Makuuchi H. Influence of aging, gastric mucosal atrophy and dietary habits on gastric secretion. Hepatogastroenterology. 2006;53(70):624–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Joseph IM, Zavros Y, Merchant JL, Kirschner D. A model for integrative study of human gastric acid secretion. J Appl Physiol. 2003;94:1602–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Salles N. Is stomach spontaneously ageing? Pathophysiology of aging stomach. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;23(6):805–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Newtom JL. Changes in upper gastrointestinal physiology with age. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004;125(12):867–70.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Poh CH, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Fass R. Review: treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the elderly. Am J Med. 2010;123:496–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Takaki M. Gut pacemaker cells: the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). J Smooth Muscle Res. 2003;39(5):137–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kuo P, Rayner CK, Horowitz M. Gastric emptying, diabetes, and aging. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007;23(4):785–808, vi.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Phillips RJ, Powley TL. Innervation of the gastrointestinal tract: patterns of aging. Auton Neurosci. 2007;136(1–2):1–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Wade PR, Cowen T. Neurodegeneration: a key factor in the ageing gut. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2004;16 Suppl 1:19–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Nagar A, Roberts IM. Small bowel diseases in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15(3):473–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wade PR. Aging and neural control of the GI tract: I. Age-related changes in the enteric nervous system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002;283(3):G489–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Meier J, Sturm A. The intestinal epithelial barrier: does it become impaired with age? Dig Dis. 2009;27(3):240–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Jones HF, Butler RN, Brooks DA. Intestinal fructose transport and malabsorption in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(2):G202–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Rosen CJ. Vitamin D insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:248–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Piccipme PR, Holt PR, Culpepper-Morgan JA, et al. Intestinal dysmotility syndromes in the elderly: measurement of orocecal transit time. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85(2):161–4.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Madsen JL. Effects of gender, age, and body mass index on gastrointestinal transit times. Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37(10):1548–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Rana S, Bhansali A, Bhadada S, et al. Orocecal transit time and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in type 2 diabetes patients from North India. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011;13(11):1115–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Fynne L, Worsoe J, Gregersen T, et al. Gastrointestinal transit inpatients with systemic sclerosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(10):1187–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Simon GL, Gorbach SL. Intestinal flora in health and disease. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:174–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Cucchiara S, Iebba V, Conte MP, Schippa S. The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease in different age groups. Dig Dis. 2009;27(3):252–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tiihonen K, Ouwehand AC, Rautonen N. Human intestinal micobiota and healthy ageing. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9(2):107–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Biagi E, Nylund L, Candela M, et al. Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS One. 2010;5(5):e10667.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Woodmansey EJ. Intestinal bacteria and ageing. J Appl Microbiol. 2007;102(5):1178–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tihonen K, Ouwehand AC, Rautonen N. Human intestinal microbiota and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9(2):107–16.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Riordan SM, Mciver CJ, Wakefield D, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in the symptomatic elderly. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:47–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, et al. Composition, variability and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108 Suppl 1:4586–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Dominquez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, Ley RE, Knight R. Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(6):1713–9.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ottavian E, Ventura N, Mandrioli M, et al. Gut microbiota as a candidate for lifespan extension: an ecological/evolutionary perspective targeted on living organisms as metaorganisms. Biogerontology. 2011;12(6):599–609.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Guigoz Y, Dore J, Schiffrin EJ. The inflammatory status of old age can be nutured from the intestinal environment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(1):13–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Santiago AF, Alves AC, Oliveira RP, et al. Aging correlates with reduction in regulatory-type cytokines and T cells in the gut. Immunobiology. 2011;216(10):1085–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Gomez CR, Boehmer ED, Kovacs EJ. The aging innate immune system. Curr Opin Immunol. 2005;17(5):457–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Metabolic syndrome, hormones and maintenance of T cells during aging. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010;22(4):541–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Schmucker DL, Owen RL, Outenreath R, Thoreux K. Basis for the age-related decline intestinal mucosal immunity. Clin Dev Immunol. 2003;10(2–4):167–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wiskur B, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. The aging colon: the role of enteric neurodegeneration in constipation. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010;12(6):507–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Hanani M, Fellig Y, Udassin R, Freund HR. Age-related changes in the morphology of the myenteric plexus of the human colon. Auton Neurosci. 2004;113(1–2):71–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. McCrea GL, Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, et al. Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(17):2631–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Camilleri M, Lee JS, Viramontes B, et al. Insights into the pathophysiology and mechanisms of constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticulosis in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48(9):1142–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Bernard CE, Gibbons SJ, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, et al. Effect of age on the enteric nervous system of the human colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2009;21(7):746–e46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Schnelle JF, Leung FW, Rao SS, et al. A controlled trial of an intervention to improve urinary and fecal incontinence and constipation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(8):1504–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Kepenekci I, Keskinkilic B, Akinsu F, et al. Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in the female population and the impact of age, mode of delivery, and parity. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54(1):85–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Gundling F, Seidl H, Scalercio N, et al. Influence of gender and age on anorectal function: normal values from anorectal manometry in a large Caucasian population. Digestion. 2010;81(4):207–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Gut clock: implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011;62(2):139–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Suzuki K, Hayasena CN, Bloom SR. The gut hormones in appetite regulation. J Obes. 2011;2011:528401.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Zac-Varghese S, Tan T, Bloom SR. Hormonal interactions between gut and brain. Discov Med. 2010;10(55):543–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Liddle RA. Gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, editors. Sleisenger and Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010. p. 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Miller LJ. Gastrointestinal hormones and receptors. In: Yamada T, Alpers DH, Laine L, et al., editors. Text book of gastroenterology, vol. 1. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 1999. p. 35–67.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Drucker DJ. The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostenosis. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(1):24–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Masclee AAM, Geuskens LM, Driessen WMM, et al. Effect of aging on plasma cholecystokinin secretion and gallbladder emptying. Age. 1988;11:136–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Gautier JF, Choukem SP, Girard J. Physiology of incretins (GIP and GLP-1) and abnormalities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2008;34 Suppl 2:S65–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Elahi D, McAloon-Dyke M, Fukagawa NK, et al. The insulinotropic actions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37) in normal and diabetic subjects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994;51(1):63–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Meneilly GS, McIntosh CHS, Pederson RA, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-37) augments insulin-mediated glucose uptake in elderly patients with diabetes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(11):M681–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Nematy M, Owell CA, Brynes AE, et al. Peptide YY (PYY) is increased in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures: a prospective study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(6):530–1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Tovar SA, Seoane LM, Caminos JE, et al. Regulation of peptide YY levels by age, hormonal and nutritional status. Obes Res. 2001;12(12):1944–50.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Sandstrom O, El-Salhy M. Ontogeny and the effect of aging on pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. Peptides. 2002;23(2):263–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Elahi D, Muller DC, Egan JM, et al. Glucose tolerance, glucose utilization and insulin secretion in ageing. Novartis Found Symp. 2002;242:222–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Howarth FC, Kitbi MKAA, Hameed RS, Adeghate E. Pancreatic peptides in young and elderly Zucker type 2 diabetic fatty rats. J Pancreas. 2011;12(6):567–73.

    Google Scholar 

  93. De Herder WW, Lamberts SW. Somatostatin and somatostatin analogues: diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Curr Opin Oncol. 2002;14:53–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Zhao Z, Sakai T. Characteristic features of ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and the regulation of stomach ghrelin expression and production. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(41):6306–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Chaudhri O, Small C, Bloom S. Gastrointestinal hormones regulating appetite. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006;361(1471):1187–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Suzuki K, Simpson KA, Minnion JS, et al. The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocr J. 2010;57(5):359–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Cummings D, Weigle D, Frayo R, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels alter diet induced weight loss or gastric bypass. N Engl J Med. 2003;346(21):1623–30.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Akimoto Y, Kanai S, Ohta M, et al. Age-associated reduction of stimulatory effect of ghrelin on food intake in mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011 [Ahead of print].

    Google Scholar 

  99. Rigamonti AE, Pincelli AI, Corra B, et al. Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients. J Endocrinol. 2001;175(1):R1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Bortolotti M, Frada G, Vezzadini P, et al. Influence of gastric acid secretion on interdigestive gastric motor activity and serum motilin in the elderly. Digestion. 1987;38(4):226–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Salles N, Menard A, Georges A, et al. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut appetite peptide (leptin, ghrelin) expression in elderly inpatients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61(11):1144–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Stenholm A, Mette JE, Roth GS, et al. Relationship between plasma ghrelin, insulin, leptin, IL6, adinopectin, testosterone and longecity in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2011;23:153–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(17):1597–604.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Elinav E, Ben-Dov IZ, Ackerman E, et al. Correlation between serum alanine aminotransferase activity and age: an inverted U curve pattern—age alters ALT activity. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(10):2201–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. McLachlan AJ, Pont LG. Drug metabolism in older people—a key consideration in achieving optimal outcomes with medicines. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67(2):175–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Ross SO, Forsmark CE. Pancreatic and biliary disorders in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2001;30(2):531–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Tohno Y, Tohno S, Yamada MO, et al. Age-related changes of elements and relationships among elements in the common bile and pancreatic ducts. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2004;101(1):47–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Frieling T. [Age related functional gastrointestinal disorders]. Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49(1):47–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Schiffrin EJ, Morley JE, Donnet-Hughes A, Guigoz Y. The inflammatory status of the elderly: the intestinal contribution. Mutat Res. 2010;690(1–2):50–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

    T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF (Professor of Medicine, Associate Dean) & C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF (Adjunct Professor of Medicine)

  2. Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center (North Division), 600 East 233rd Street, Bronx, NY, 10466, USA

    T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF (Vice Chairman)

  3. Division of Geriatrics, Montefiore Medical Center (North Division), 600 East 233rd Street, Bronx, NY, 10466, USA

    T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF (Clinical Director)

  4. Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program, Montefiore Medical Center (North Division), 600 East 233rd Street, Bronx, NY, 10466, USA

    T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF (Program Director)

  5. Department of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center (North Division), Bronx, NY, USA

    Amit Sohagia MD

  6. Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Drexel University School of Medicine, Vallhala, NY, USA

    C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF (Clinical Professor of Medicine)

  7. Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF (Chief)

Authors
  1. T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Amit Sohagia MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. C. S. Pitchumoni MD, MPH, FRCP(C), MACP, MACG, AGAF
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. S. Dharmarajan MD, FACP, AGSF .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital, Department of Medicine, Saint Peter’s University, 254 Easton Ave, New Brunswick, 08901, New Jersey, USA

    C. S. Pitchumoni

  2. (North Division), Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 600 East 233rd Street, Bronx, 10466, New York, USA

    T. S. Dharmarajan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dharmarajan, T.S. et al. (2012). The Gastrointestinal System and Aging. In: Pitchumoni, C., Dharmarajan, T. (eds) Geriatric Gastroenterology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1623-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1623-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1622-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1623-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation