Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ader, D. N., & Johnson, S. B. (1994). Sample description, reporting, and analysis of sex in psychological research: A look at APA and APA division journals in 1990. American Psychologist, 49, 216–218.
Altemeyer, B. (2002). Changes in attitudes toward homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 42, 63–75.
Anderson, C. A., & Sechler, E. S. (1986). Effects of explanation and counterexplanation the development and use of social theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 24–34.
APA Publication Manual Task Force. (1977). Guidelines for non-sexist language in APA journals: Publication Manual change sheet 2. American Psychologist, 32, 487–494.
Archer, J. (2006). The importance of theory for evaluating evidence on sex differences. American Psychologist, 61, 638–639.
Bangerter, A. (2000). Transformation between scientific and social representations of conception: The method of serial reproduction. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 521–535.
Baranowski, M. (2002). Current use of the epicene pronoun in written English. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 6, 378–397.
Barker, M. (2007). Heteronormativity and the exclusion of bisexuality in psychology. In V. Clarke & E. Peel (Eds.), Out in psychology: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer perspectives (pp. 86–118). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Bartlett, F.C. (1950). Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Baumeister, R. F. (1988). Should we stop studying sex differences altogether? American Psychologist, 43, 1092–1095.
Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Harper Collins.
Bem, S. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 42, 155–62.
Bem, S. L. (1993). The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Bem, S. L. (1995). Dismantling gender polarization and compulsory heterosexuality: Should we turn the volume up or down? Journal of Sex Research, 32, 329–344.
Bernal, J. D. (1971). Science in history: The scientific and industrial revolutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bevington, D. (Ed.). (2003). The complete works of Shakespeare (5th ed.). New York: Pearson Longman.
Black, K. N., & Stevenson, M. R. (1984). The relationship of self-reported sex-role characteristics and attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 83–93.
Blanchette, I., & Dunbar, K. (2002). Representational change and analogy: How analogical inferences alter target representations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 672–685.
Bodine, A. (1975). Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: Singular ‘they,’ sex-indefinite ‘he,’ and ‘he or she.’ Language in Society, 4, 129–146.
Boysen, G. A., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization in response to learning abut biological explanations of homosexuality. Sex Roles,57, 755–762.
Braun, V., & Kitzinger, C. (2001a). “Snatch,” “hole,” or “honey-pot”? Semantic categories and the problem of nonspecificity in female genital slang. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 146–158.
Braun, V., & Kitzinger, C. (2001b). Telling it straight? Dictionary definitions of women’s genitals. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5, 214–232.
Brescoll, V., & LaFrance, M. (2004). The correlates and consequences of newspaper reports of research on sex differences. Psychological Science, 15, 515–520.
Burman, E. (1994). Deconstructing feminist psychology. In E. Burman (Ed.), Deconstructing feminist psychology (pp. 1–29). London: Sage.
Burman, E. (2007). Between Orientalism and normalization: Cross-cultural lessons from Japan for the history of psychology. History of Psychology, 10, 179–198.
Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1–49.
Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164–168.
Buss, D. M., & Malamuth, N. M. (1996). Sex, power, conflict: Evolutionary and feminist perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of “sex.” New York: Routledge.
Cameron, D. (Ed.). (1990). The feminist critique of language: A reader. New York: Routledge.
Cassidy, A. (2007). The (sexual) politics of evolution: Popular controversy in the late 20th century United Kingdom. History of Psychology, 10, 199–226.
Chase, C. (1998). Hermaphrodites with attitude: Mapping the emergence of intersex political activism. GLQ, 4, 189–211.
Clark, H. H. (1969). Linguistic processes in deductive reasoning. Psychological Review, 76, 387–404.
Cole, E. R., & Stewart, A. J. (2001). Invidious comparisons: Imagining a psychology of race and gender beyond differences. Political Psychology, 22, 293–308.
Conrad, P., & Markens, S. (2001). Constructing the ‘gay gene’ in the news: Optimism and skepticism in the American and British press. Health, 5, 373–400.
Constantinople, A. (1973) Masculinity-femininity: An exception to a famous dictum? Psychological Bulletin, 80, 389–407.
Crawford, M., & Marecek, J. (1989). Psychology reconstructs the female: 1968–1988. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13, 147–165.
Crocker, J., Major, B., & Steele, C. (1998). Social stigma. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 504–553). New York: Oxford University Press.
Danziger, K. (2006). Universalism and indigenization in the history of modern psychology. In A. C. Brock (Ed.), Internationalizing the history of psychology (pp. 208–255). New York: New York University Press.
Dar-Nimrod, I., & Heine, S. J. (2006). Exposure to scientific theories affects women’s math performance. Science, 314, 435.
Davies, A. P., & Shackelford, T. K. (2006). An evolutionary psychological perspective on gender similarities and differences. American Psychologist, 61, 640–641.
Deaux, K., & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An integrative model of gender-related behavior. Psychological Review, 94, 369–389.
deBeauvoir, S. (1949). The second sex. New York: Random House.
Devos, T., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). American = White? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 447–466.
Diamond, M. (1999). Pediatric management of ambiguous and traumatized genitalia. Journal of Urology, 162, 1021–1028.
Diamond, M., & Sigmundson, H. K. (1997). Sex reassignment at birth: A long term review and clinical implications. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 150, 298–304.
Dreger, A. D. (Ed.). (1999). Intersex in the age of ethics. Hagerstown, MD: University Publishing Group.
Dunbar, K., & Blanchette, I. (2003). The in vivo/in vitro approach to cognition: The case of analogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 334–339.
Eagly, A. H., & Kite, M. E. (1987). Are stereotypes of nationalities applied to both women and men? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 451–462.
Eagly, A. H., Mladinic, A., & Otto, S. (1991). Are women evaluated more favorably than men? An analysis of attitudes, beliefs, and emotions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 203–216.
Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W. (1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54, 408–423.
Egan, S. K., & Perry, D. G. (2001). Gender identity: A multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 451–463.
Epstein, S. (2007). Inclusion: The politics of difference in medical research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Falomar-Pichastor, J. M., & Mugny, G. (2009). “I’m not gay… I’m a real man!” Heterosexual men’s gender self-esteem and sexual prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1233–1243.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (1993, March/April). The five sexes: Why male and female are not enough. Sciences, 20–25.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2000). Sexing the body: Gender politics and the construction of sexuality. New York: Basic Books.
Fedigan, L. M. (1986). The changing role of women in models of human evolution. Annual Review of Anthropology, 15, 25–66.
Freud, S. (1925/1961). Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. In E. Jones (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIX, pp. 241–258). London: Hogarth.
Foster, R. A., & Keating, J. P. (1992). Measuring androcentrism in the Western God-concept. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31, 366–375.
Foucault, M. (1976). Histoire de la sexualite: Volume 1 – La volonte de savoir. Paris: Gallimard.
Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into human faculty. New York: Dutton.
Gannon, L., Luchetta, T., Rhodes, K., Pardie, L., & Segrist, D. (1992). Sex bias in psychological research: Progress or complacency? American Psychologist, 47, 389–396.
Giacomini, M., Rozee-Koker, P., & Pepitone-Arreola-Rockwell, F. (1986). Gender bias in human anatomy textbook illustrations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 10, 413–420.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gjerde, P. F. (2004). Culture, power, and experience: Toward a person-centered cultural psychology. Human Development, 47, 138–157.
Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 491–512.
Glucksberg, S. (2003). The psycholinguistics of metaphor. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 92–96.
Glucksberg, S., & Haught, C. (2006). Can Florida be the next Florida? When metaphoric comparisons fail. Psychological Science, 17, 935–938.
Glucksberg, S., & Keysar, B. (1990). Understanding metaphorical comparisons: Beyond similarity. Psychological Review, 97, 3–18.
Greenwald, A. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35, 603–618.
Haddock, G., Zanna, M. P., & Esses, V. (1993). Assessing the structure of prejudicial attitudes: The case of attitudes toward homosexuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1105–1118.
Hamilton, M. C. (1988). Using masculine generics: Does generic he increase male bias in the user’s imagery? Sex Roles, 19, 785–799.
Hamilton, M. C. (1991). Masculine bias in the attribution of personhood: People = male, male = people. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 393–402.
Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, cyborgs, and women. New York: Routledge.
Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Maracek, J. (1990). Gender and the meaning of difference: Postmodernism and psychology. In R. T. Hare-Mustin & J. Maracek (Eds.), Making a difference: Psychology and the construction of gender (pp. 22–64). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2000). Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 113–127.
Haslam, N., & Levy, S. R. (2006). Essentialist beliefs about homosexuality: Structure and implications for prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 471–485.
Hegarty, P. (2001). ‘Real science,’ deception experiments, and the gender of my lab coat: Toward a new laboratory manual for lesbian and gay psychology. International Journal of Critical Psychology, 1, 91–108.
Hegarty, P. (2003). ‘More feminine than 999 men out of 1,000:’ The construction of sex roles in psychology. In T. Lester (Ed.), Gender nonconformity, race, and sexuality: Charting the connections (pp. 62–83) Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Hegarty, P. (2006). Undoing androcentric explanations of gender differences: Explaining ‘the effect to be predicted.’ Sex Roles, 55, 861–867.
Hegarty, P., & Buechel, C. (2006). Androcentric reporting of gender differences in APA journals: 1965–2004. Review of General Psychology, 10, 377–389.
Hegarty, P., Buechel, C., & Ungar, S. (2006). Androcentric preferences for visuospatial representations of gender differences. In D. Barker-Plummer, R. Cox, & N. Swoboda (Eds.), Diagrammatic representation and inference: 4th International Conference, Diagrams 2006 (pp. 263–266). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Hegarty, P., & Chryssochoou, X. (2005). Why ‘our’ policies set the standard more than ‘theirs’: Category norms and generalization between European Union countries. Social Cognition, 23, 491–528.
Hegarty, P., & Coyle, A. (2005). Special feature on ‘Masculinity-femininity: An exception to a famous dictum?’ by Anne Constantinople (1973). Feminism & Psychology, 15, 379–440.
Hegarty, P., & Golden, A. M. (2008). Attributions about the controllability of stigmatized traits: Antecedents or justifications of prejudice? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38, 1023–1044.
Hegarty, P., Lemieux, A., & McQueen, G. (2008). Graphing the order of the sexes:Constructing, recalling, interpreting, and putting the self in gender difference graphs Manuscript under review.
Hegarty, P., & Pratto, F. (2001a). Sexual orientation beliefs: Their relationshipto anti-gay attitudes and biological determinist arguments. Journal of Homosexuality, 41, 121–135.
Hegarty, P., & Pratto, F. (2001b). The effects of category norms and stereotypes on explanations of intergroup differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 723–735.
Hegarty, P., & Pratto, F. (2004). The differences that norms make: Empiricism, social constructionism, and the meaning of group differences. Sex Roles, 50, 445–453.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Higgins, E. T., Bargh, J. A., & Lombardi, W. J. (1985). Nature of priming effects on categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 11, 59–69.
Higgins, E. T., Rholes, W. S., & Jones, C. R. (1977). Category accessibility and impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 141–154.
Hill, J. (1998). Language, race, and White public space. American Anthropologist, 100, 680–689.
Hilton, J. L., & von Hippel, W. (1996). Stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 237–271.
Hitchcock, A. [Director]. (1959). North by northwest. Metro Goldwyn Mayer
Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender stereotypes: Perception or rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 197–208.
Holmes, M. (1998). In (to) visibility: Intersexuality in the field of queer. In D. Atkins (Ed.), Looking queer (pp. 221–225). Philadelphia: Haworth.
Hyde, J. S. (1984). Children’s understanding of sexist language. Developmental Psychology, 20, 697–706.
Hyde, J. S. (1994). Should psychologists study gender differences? Yes, with some guidelines. Feminism & Psychology, 4, 507–512.
Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581–592.
Hyde, J. S. (2006). Gender similarities still rule. American Psychologist, 61, 641–642.
Hyde, J. S., & Plant, E. A. (1995). Magnitude of psychological gender differences: Another side of the story. American Psychologist, 50, 159–161.
Jacklin, C. N. (1981). Methodological issues in the study of sex-related differences. Developmental Review, 1, 266–273.
Jayaratne, T. E., Ybarra, O., Sheldon, J. P., Brown, T. N., Feldbaum, M., Pfeffer, C. A., et al. (2006). White Americans’ genetic lay theories of race differences and sexual orientation: Their relationship toward Blacks and gay men and lesbians. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 9, 77–94.
Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967). The attribution of attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3, 1–24.
Jordan, N. [Director]. (1992). The crying game. British Screen Productions
Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93, 136–153.
Kanazawa, S. (1992). Outcome or expectancy? Antecedents of spontaneous causal attribution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 659–668.
Keller, E. F. (1985). Reflections on gender and science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Keller, E. F. (1992). Secrets of life/secrets of death: Essays on language, gender, and science. New York: Routledge.
Kelley, H. H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28, 107–128.
Kessler, S. (1998). Lessons from the intersexed. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Kessler, S. J. (1990). The medical construction of gender: Case management of intersexed infants. Signs, 16, 3–26
Kessler, S. J., & McKenna, W. (1978). Gender: An ethnomethodological approach. New York: Wiley.
Kitzinger, C. (1994). Should psychologists study sex differences? Feminism & Psychology, 4, 501–546.
Kitzinger, C. (1996). The token lesbian chapter. In S. Wilkinson (Ed.), Feminist social psychologies: International perspectives (pp. 119–144). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Kitzinger, C. (2005). The myth of the two biological sexes. Psychologist, 17, 451–454.
Lambdin, J., Greer, K. M., Jibotian, K. S., Wood, K. R., & Hamilton, M. C. (2003). The animal=male hypothesis: Children’s and adults’ beliefs about the sex of non sex-specific stuffed animals. Sex Roles, 48, 471–482.
Landrine, H., Klonoff, E. A., & Brown-Collins, A. (1992). Cultural diversity and methodology in feminist psychology: Critique, proposal and empirical example. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 145–163.
Latour, B. (1990). Drawing things together. In M. Lynch & S. Woolgar (Eds.), Representation in scientific practice (pp. 19–68). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Leary, D. E. (1990). Psyche’s muse: The role of metaphor in the history of psychology. In D. E. Leary (Ed.), Metaphors in the history of psychology (pp. 1–78). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, P. A., Houk, C. P., Ahmed, F., & Hughes, I. A. (2006). Concensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Pediatrics, 118, 488–500.
Lippa, R. A. (2005). Gender, nature, and nurture. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lippa, R. A. (2006). The gender reality hypothesis. American Psychologist, 61, 639–640.
Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Ithaca, NY: Crossing Press.
Maccoby, E., & Jacklin, C. (1974) The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Mackenzie, B. D., & Mackenzie, S. L. (1974). The case for a revised systematic approach to the history of psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 10, 324–347.
Martin, E. (1991). The egg and the sperm: How science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles. Signs, 16, 485–501.
Martyna, W. (1980). Beyond the “he/man” approach: The case for nonsexist language. Signs, 5, 482–493.
Maurer, B. (1995). Complex subjects: Offshore finance, complexity theory, and the dispersion of the modern. Socialist Review, 25, 114–145.
McCaughy, M. (2008). The caveman mystique: Pop-darwinism and the debates over sex, violence, and science. New York: Taylor & Francis.
McHugh, M., Koeske, R. D., & Frieze, I. H. (1986). Issues to consider in conducting non-sexist psychological research. American Psychologist, 41, 879–889.
Medin, D. L., & Waxman, S. (2007). Interpreting asymmetries of projection in children’s inductive reasoning. In A. Feeney & E. Heit (Eds.), Inductive reasoning: Experimental, developmental, and computational approaches (pp. 55–80). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mednick, M. T. (1989). On the politics of psychological constructs: Stop the bandwagon, I want to get off. American Psychologist, 44, 1118–1123.
Miller, D. T., & Prentice, D. A. (1997). The construction of social norms and standards. In A. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Ed.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 799–829). New York: Guildford Press.
Miller, D. T., Taylor, B., & Buck, M. (1991). Gender gaps: Who needs to be explained? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 5–12.
Miller, J. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 961– 978.
Moghaddam, F. M., & Lee, N. (2007). Double reification: The process or reifying psychology in the three worlds. In A. C. Brock (Ed.), Internationalizing the history of psychology (pp. 208–255). New York: New York University Press.
Money, J. (1955a). An examination of some basic sexual concepts: The evidence of human hermaphroditism. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 97, 301–19.
Money, J. (1955b). Sexual incongruities and psychopathology: The evidence of human hermaphroditism. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 97, 43–57.
Money, J., Hampson, J. G., & Hampson, J. L. (1955). Hermaphroditism: Recommendations concerning assignment of sex, change of sex, and psychologic management. Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, 97, 284–300.
Moore, L. J. (2002). Extracting men from semen: Masculinity in scientific representations of sperm. Social Text, 20, 91–119.
Morawski, J. G. (1990). Toward the unimagined: Feminism and epistemology in psychology. In R. T. Hare-Mustin & J. Marecek (Eds.), Making a difference: Psychology and the construction of gender (pp. 150–183). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Morland, I. (2009). Editorial: Lessons from the octopus. GLQ, 15, 191–197.
Morrison, T. (1993). Playing in the dark: Whiteness and the literary imagination. New York: Vintage.
Morton, T. A., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T., & Ryan, M. K. (2006). We value what values us: The appeal of identity-affirming science. Political Psychology, 27, 823–838.
Moyer, R. (1997). Covering gender on memory’s front page: Men’s prominence and women’s prospects. Sex Roles, 37, 595–618.
Ng, S. H. (1990). Androcentric coding of man and his in memory by language users. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 455–464.
Oldham, J. D., & Kasser, T. (1999). Attitude change in response to information that male homosexuality has a biological basis. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 25, 121–124.
Oyama, S. (2000). The ontogeny of information: Developmental systems and evolution (2nd ed.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Parlee, M. B. (1996). Situated knowledges of personal embodiment: Transgender activists’ and psychological theorists’ perspectives on ‘sex’ and ‘gender.’ Theory and Psychology, 6, 625–645.
Pedhazur, E. J., & Tetenbaum, T. J. (1979). Bem Sex Role Inventory: A theoretical and methodological critique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 996–1016.
Perrott, D. A., Gentner, D., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2005). Resistance is futile: The unwitting insertion of analogical inferences in memory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12, 696–702.
Peterson, S. B., & Kroner, T. (1992). Gender biases in textbooks for introductory psychology and human development. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 17–36.
Phelan, S. (2001). Sexual strangers: Gays, lesbians, and dilemmas of citizenship. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Pinker, S. (1990). A theory of graph comprehension. In R. Freedle (Ed.), Artificial intelligence and the future of testing (pp. 73–126). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Piskur, J., & Degelman, D. (1992). Effect of reading a summary of research about biological bases of homosexual orientation on attitudes toward homosexuals. Psychological Reports, 71 1219–1225.
Pols, H. (2007). Psychological knowledge in a colonial context: Theories on the nature of the ‘native mind’ in the former Dutch East Indies. History of Psychology, 10, 111–131.
Pomerantz, A. (1984). Giving a source or basis: The practice in conversation of telling ‘how I know.’ Journal of Pragmatics, 8, 607–625.
Pratarelli, M. E., & Donaldson, J. S. (1997). Immediate effects of written material on attitudes toward homosexuality. Psychological Reports, 81, 1411–1415.
Pratto, F. (1999). The puzzle of continuing group inequality: Piecing together psychological, social, and cultural forces in social dominance theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 191–263). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Pratto, F. (2002). Integrating experimental and social constructivist social psychology: Some of us are already doing it. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 194–198.
Pratto, F., & Hegarty, P. (2000). The political strategy of reproductive strategies. Psychological Science, 11, 57–62.
Pratto, F., Hegarty, P., & Korchmaros, J. (2007). Who gets stereotyped? How communication practices and category norms lead people to stereotype particular people and groups. In Y. Kashima, K. Fiedler, & P. Freytag (Eds.), Stereotype dynamics: Language-based approaches to stereotype formation, maintenance, and change (pp. 299–319). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pratto, F., Korchmaros, J. N., & Hegarty, P. (2007). When race and gender go without saying. Social Cognition, 25, 221–247.
Prentice, D. A. (1994). Do language reforms change our way of thinking? Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 13, 3–19.
Prentice, D. A., & Carranza, E. (2002). What women and men should be, shouldn’t be, are allowed to be, and don’t have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26, 269–281.
Purdie-Vaughns, V., & Eibach, R. (2008). Intersectional invisibility: The distinctive advantages and disadvantages of multiple subordinate-group identities. Sex Roles, 59, 377–391.
Reardon, P., & Prescott, S. (1977). Sex as reported in a recent sample of psychological research. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2, 157–161.
Robinson, E., & Hegarty, P. (2005). Premise-based category norms and the explanation of age differences. New Review of Social Psychology, 4, 138–143.
Rosch, E., & Mervis, G. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573–605.
Rose, N. (1996). Inventing our selves: Psychology, power, and personhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ross, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (1991). The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. New York: McGraw Hill.
Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Akimoto, S. A., & Biggs, E. (1993). Overestimating causality: Attributional effects of confirmatory processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 892–903.
Santos de Barona, M., & Reid, P. T. (1992). Ethnic issues in teaching the psychology of women. Teaching of Psychology, 19, 96–99.
Savin-Williams, R. C. (2008). Then and now: Recruitment, definition, diversity, and positive attributes of same-sex populations. Developmental Psychology, 44, 135–138.
Scarr, S. (1988). Race and gender as psychological variables: Social and ethical issues. American Psychologist, 43, 56–59.
Schwabacher, S. (1972). Male vs. female representation in psychological research: An examination of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1970, 1971. Journal Supplement Abstract Service, 2, 20–21.
Sedgwick, E. K. (1991). How to bring your kids up gay: The war on effeminate boys. Social Text, 29, 18–27.
Sekaquaptewa, D., & Espinoza, P. (2004). Biased processing of stereotype-incongruency is greater for low than high status group targets. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 128–135.
Shah, P., Freedman, E. G., & Verini, I. (2005). The comprehension of quantitative information in graphical displays. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking (pp. 426–476). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sheldon, J. P., Pfeffer, C. A., Jayaratne, T. E., Feldbaum, M., & Petty, E. M. (2007). Beliefs about the etiology of homosexuality and about the ramifications of discovering its possible genetic origin. Journal of Homosexuality, 52, 11–150.
Shields, S. (1982). The variability hypothesis: The history of a biological model of sex differences in intelligence. Signs, 7, 769–797.
Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Simner, J., Mulvenna, C., Sagiv, N., Tsakanikos, E. Witherby, S. A., Fraser, C. et al. (2006). Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences. Perception, 35, 1024–1034.
Sloman, S. A. (1993). Feature-based induction. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 231–280.
Smith, L. D., Best, L. A., Stubbs, A. D., Archibald, A. B., & Roberson-Nay, R. (2002). Constructing knowledge: The role of graphs and tables in hard and soft psychology. American Psychologist, 57, 749–761.
Spence, J. T. (1985). Masculinity, femininity, and gender-related traits: A conceptual analysis and critique of current research. Progress in Experimental Research in Personality, 13, 1–97.
Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1974). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A measure of sex-role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 1–44.
Spender, D. (1980). Man made language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Srull, T. K., Lichtenstein, M., & Rothbart, M. (1985). Associative storage and retrieval processes in person memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 316–345.
Terman, L. M., & Miles, C. C. (1936). Sex and personality: Studies in masculinity and femininity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tetlock, P. E. (1991). An alternative metaphor in the study of judgment and choice: People as politicians. Theory and Psychology, 1, 451–475.
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1954/2005). The lord of the rings (50th ann. ed). New York: Harper Collins.
Tversky, B. (2005). Functional significance of visuospatial representations. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking (pp. 1–34). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Unger, R. K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34, 1085–1094.
Warner, M. (1993). Introduction. In M. Warner (Ed.), Fear of a queer planet (pp. vii–xxxi). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Weatherall, A., & Walton, M. (1999). The metaphorical construction of sexual experience in a speech community of New Zealand university students. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 479–498.
Weiner, B. (1985). An attribution theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92, 548–573.
Wetherell, M. (1997). Linguistic repertoires and literary criticism: New directions for a social psychology of gender. In M. M. Gergen & S. N. Davies (Eds.), Toward a new psychology of gender (pp. 149–167). New York: Routledge.
Whitley, B. E., Jr. (1990). The relationship of heterosexuals’ attributions for the causes of homosexuality to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 369–377.
Wilkinson, S. (1997). Feminist psychology. In D. Fox & I. Pritteltensky (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 247–264). London: Sage.
Woolsey, L. (1977). Psychology and the reconciliation of women’s double bind: To be feminine or to be fully human. Canadian Psychology, 18, 66–78.
Zuriff, G. E. (2006). Judgments of similarity are psychological: The importance of importance. American Psychologist, 61, 641.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hegarty, P., Pratto, F. (2010). Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Gender-Related Research. In: Chrisler, J., McCreary, D. (eds) Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1465-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1465-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1464-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1465-1
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)