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Actin Functions in the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Compartments

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The Plant Cytoskeleton

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 2))

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Abstract

With more than a dozen gene families encoding multiple actin and actin binding protein (ABP) variants, the actin cytoskeleton in angiosperms rivals and perhaps exceeds the combinatorial complexity of that in mammals. A genome wide duplication event several hundred million years ago likely generated the most divergent classes of the vegetatively and reproductively expressed protein variants found within nearly all families. Recent genetic and molecular cell biological studies have advanced our understanding of actin cytoskeletal dynamics and its role in various cellular functions, including cell polarization, cell elongation, cell signaling, cargo movement, and both genetic and epigenetic control. Plant organelles tethered to actin filaments move independently around plant cells on myosin motors in a relatively stationary cytoplasm. Divergent actin, actin depolymerizing factor (ADF/cofilins), profilin, and myosin variants have independent and often non-overlapping protein activities supporting different aspects of cell and organ development. Conventional cytoplasmic actins and several ABPs are also found at relatively high concentrations in plant nuclei with published roles in nuclear cargo movement, transcription, chromatin structure, and regulation of gene expression. Recent studies suggest that actin and ADF variants also have roles in glucose signaling, pathogen response, day-length control of flowering, cold response, gravity detection and response, drought stress signaling of guard cell closure, control of the cell cycle, exocytosis, and endocytosis. Thus, the actin system has functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus and controls various cellular functions and organismal development.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Valerian Dolja and Chris Staiger for comments on parts of this manuscript. The TAIR database was essential to our examination of the cytoskeletal genes and gene families. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (GM36397) to RBM and National Institutes of Health training grant (Grant GM-07103) to LK.

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  1. Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Davison Life Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Richard B. Meagher

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  1. Richard B. Meagher
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  2. Muthugapatti K. Kandasamy
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  3. Lori King
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Correspondence to Richard B. Meagher .

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  1. Sect. Plant Biology, University of California, Shields Avenue 1, Davis, 95616, California, USA

    Bo Liu

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Meagher, R.B., Kandasamy, M.K., King, L. (2011). Actin Functions in the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Compartments. In: Liu, B. (eds) The Plant Cytoskeleton. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0987-9_1

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