Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Applications of Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering for the Investigation of the Electrochemical Interphase

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 45

Part of the book series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ((MAOE,volume 45))

The central phenomenon of surface electrochemistry, the transfer of charge between an electronically conducting phase and an ionically conducting phase, always occurs at a phase boundary — an interface — between the two phases. The region of interest, however, is usually wider than a simple two-dimensional interface.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. Robinson, in Spectroscopic and Diffraction Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. Gutierrez and C. Melendres, eds. Kluwer, London, (1990) p 313.

    Google Scholar 

  2. B. M. Ocko, in Spectroscopic and Diffraction Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. Gutierrez and C. Melendres, eds. Kluwer, London, (1990) p 343.

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. F. Toney and O. R. Melroy, in Electrochemical Interfaces: Modern Techniques for In-Situ Interface Characterization, H. D. Abruna, ed. Chapter 2, VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1991) p 55.

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. You and Z. Nagy, in Current Topics in Electrochemistry 2 Research Trends, Council of Scientific Research Information, Trivandrum, India (1993) p 21.

    Google Scholar 

  5. M. F. Toney and B. M. Ocko, Synchrotron Radiation News 6(5) (1993) 28.

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Thompson, in Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendres and A. Tadjeddine, eds. Kluwer, London (1994) p 97.

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. M. Ocko and J. Wang, in Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendres and A. Tadjeddine, eds. Kluwer, London (1994) p 127.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, and B. M. Ocko, in Interfacial Electrochemistry: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, A. Wieckowski, ed. Marcel Dekker, NY (1999) p 175.

    Google Scholar 

  9. N. M. Markovic and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. Rep. 45 (2002) 117.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Nagy and H. You, Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 3037.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. O. M. Magnussen, Chem. Rev. 102 (2002) 679.

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. R. Adzic, J. X. Wang, B. M. Ocko, and J. McBreen, in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Technology and Applications Vol. 2 Electrocatalysis, W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger, eds. Wiley, Chichester, England (2003) p 279.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. A. Lucas and N. M. Markovic, in Interfacial Kinetics and Mass Transport, Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry Vol. 2. A. J. Bard, M. Stratmann, and E. J. Calvo, eds. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2003) p 295.

    Google Scholar 

  14. P. Fenter and N. C. Sturchio, Progr. Surf. Sci. 77 (2004) 171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K.-C. Chang, A. Menzel, V. Komanicky, H. You, J. Inukai, A. Wieckowski, E. V. Timofeeva, and Y.V. Tolmachev, in In-Situ Spectroscopic Studies of Adsorption at the Electrode and Electrocatalysis, S.-G. Sun, P. A. Christensen, and A. Wieckowski, eds. Elsevier, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. G. Long and J. Kruger, in Techniques for Characterization of Electrodes and Electrochemical Processes, R. Varma and J. R. Selman, eds. Chapter 4, Wiley, New York, NY (1991) p167.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. D. Abruna, in Electrochemical Interfaces: Modern Techniques for In-Situ Interface Characterization, H. D. Abruna, ed. Chapter 1, VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1991) p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. H. White, in Electrochemical Interfaces: Modern Techniques for In-Situ Interface Characterization, H. D. Abruna, ed. Chapter 3, VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1991) p 131.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. E. Russell and W. O’Grady, in Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendres and A. Tadjeddine, eds. Kluwer, London (1994) p421.

    Google Scholar 

  20. B. W. Batterman and H. Cole, Rev. Mod. Phys. 36 (1964) 681.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. B. E. Warren, X-Ray Diffraction Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics Wiley, New York, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. You, C. A. Melendres, Z. Nagy, V. A. Maroni, W. Yun, and R. M. Yonco, Phys. Rev. B45 (1992) 11288.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Menzel, K.-C. Chang, V. Komanicky, H. You, Y. S. Chu, Y. V. Tolmachev, and J. J. Rehr, Rad. Phys. Chem. in press.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Y. S. Chu, H. You, J. A. Tanzer, T. E. Lister, and Z. Nagy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 552.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Menzel, K.-C. Chang, V. Komanicky, Y. S. Chu, Y. V. Tolmachev, and J. J. Rehr, and H. You, Europhys. Lett. 74 (2006) 1032.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G. L. Borges, M. G. Samant, and K. Ashley, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 1565.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. M. Robinson, W. E. O'Grady, and I. K. Robinson, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 25.

    Google Scholar 

  29. K. M. Robinson, I. K. Robinson, and W. E. O'Grady, Surface Sci. 262 (1992) 387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. K. M. Robinson, W. E. O'Grady, and I. K. Robinson, in Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering (Springer Proc. Phys. 61) H. Zabel and I. K. Robinson, eds. Springer, Berlin (1992) p 175.

    Google Scholar 

  31. K. M. Robinson, I. K. Robinson, and W. E. O'Grady, Electrochim. Acta 37 (1992) 2169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. M.. Robinson and W. E. O'Grady, J. Electroanal. Chem. 384 (1995) 139.

    Google Scholar 

  33. N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 384 (1997) L805.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. V. Komanicky, A. Menzel, K.-C. Chang, and H. You, J. Phys. Chem. B109 (2005) 23543.

    Google Scholar 

  35. V. Komanicky, A. Menzel, and H. You, in Electrocatalysis, R. Adzic, V. Birss, G. Brisard, and A. Wieckowski, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 2005-11, Pennington, NJ (2006) p 231.

    Google Scholar 

  36. M. F. Toney, in Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendres and A. Tadjeddine, eds. Kluwer, London (1994) p109.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. F. Toney, J. N. Howard, J. Richer, G. L. Borges, J. G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, D. G. Wiesler, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Nature 368 (1994) 444.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. F Toney, J. N. Howard, J. Richer, G. L. Borges, J. G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, D. G. Wiesler, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 326.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. .G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, and M. F. Toney, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. L. Foresti, A. Pozzi, M. Innocenti, G. Pezzatini, F. Loglio, E. Salvietti, A. Giusti, F. D’Anca, R. Felici, and F. Borgatti, Electrochim. Acta 51 (2006) 5532.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. B. M. Ocko, J. Wang, A. Davenport, and H. Isaacs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990)1466.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. B. M. Ocko and J. Wang, in Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis and Oxygen Electrochemistry, D. Scherson, D. Tryk, M. Daroux, and X. Xing, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-11, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 147.

    Google Scholar 

  43. I. M Tidswell, N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B47 (1993) 16542.

    Google Scholar 

  44. K. M. Robinson and W. E. O'Grady, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64 (1993) 1061.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. K. M. Robinson and W. E. O'Grady, Faraday Discuss. 95 (1993) 55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. K. M. Robinson and W. E. O'Grady, in Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry, C. A. Melendres and A. Tadjeddine, eds. Kluwer, London (1994) p 157.

    Google Scholar 

  47. N. M. Markovic, I. M. Tidswell, and P. N. Ross, Langmuir 10 (1994) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. I. M Tidswell, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 317 (1994) 241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. R. R. Adzic, J. X. Wang, O. M. Magnussen, and B. M. Ocko, Langmuir 12 (1996) 513.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. T. Wandlowski, J. X. Wang, O. M. Magnussen, and B. M. Ocko, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 10277.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. C. A. Lucas, Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 3065.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. B. B. Blizanac, C. A. Lucas, M. E. Gallagher, M. Arenz, P. N. Ross, and N. M. Markovic, J. Phys. Chem. B108 (2004) 625.

    Google Scholar 

  53. B. B. Blizanac, C. A. Lucas, M. E. Gallagher, P. N. Ross, and N. M. Markovic, J. Phys. Chem. B108 (2004) 5304.

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. E. Gallagher, B. B. Blizanac, C. A. Lucas, P. N. Ross, and N. M. Markovic, Surf. Sci. 582 (2005) 215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. B. M. Ocko, G. Helgesen, B. Schardt, J. Wang, and A. Hamelin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 3350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. J. Wang, A. J. Davenport, H. S. Isaacs, and B. M. Ocko, Science 255 (1992) 1416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. J. Wang, B. M. Ocko, A. J. Davenport, and H. S. Isaacs, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 34.

    Google Scholar 

  58. J. Wang, B. M. Ocko, A. J. Davenport, and H. S. Isaacs, Phys. Rev. B46 (1992) 10321.

    Google Scholar 

  59. B. M. Ocko, A. Gibaud, and J. Wang, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A10 (1992) 3019.

    Google Scholar 

  60. J. Wang, G. M. Watson, and B. M. Ocko, Physica A200 (1993) 679.

    Google Scholar 

  61. B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, R. R. Adzic, J. X. Wang, Z. Shi, and J. Lipkowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, J. X. Wang ,and R. R. Adzic, in Nanoscale Probes of the Solid/Liquid Interface, A. A. Gewirth and H. Siegenthaler, eds. Kluwer, London (1995) p 103.

    Google Scholar 

  63. T. Wandlowski, B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, S. Wu, and J. Lipkowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 409 (1996) 155.

    Google Scholar 

  64. F. Brossard, V. H. Etgens, and A. Tadjeddine, Nucl. Inst. Methods B129 (1997) 419.

    Google Scholar 

  65. S. Wu, and J. Lipkowski, O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, and T. Wandlowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 446 (1998) 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. J. X. Wang and R. R. Adzic, J. Electroanal. Chem. 448 (1998) 205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. C. A. Lucas, J. Phys. D32 (1999) A198.

    Google Scholar 

  68. V. H. Etgens, M. C. M. Alves, and A. Tadjeddine, Electrochim. Acta 45 (1999) 591.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. M. Takahasi, Y. Hayashi, J. Mizuki, K. Tamura, T. Kondo, H. Naohara, and K. Uosaki, Surf. Sci. 461 (2000) 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. R. J. Nichols, T. Nouar, C. A. Lucas, W. Haiss, and W. A. Hofer, Surf. Sci. 513 (2002) 263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. A. H. Ayyad, J. Stettner, and O. M. Magnussen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 066106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. M. J. Ball, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 540 (2003) 295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, V. Climent, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 465 (2000) 103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, M. Ball, V. Stamenkovic, V. Climent, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 479 (2001) 241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. M. J. Ball, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 518 (2002) 201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. I. M Tidswell, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 1601.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, B. N. Grgur, and P. N. Ross, J. Phys. Chem. B103 (1999) 9616.

    Google Scholar 

  78. N. M. Markovic and P. N. Ross, in Interfacial Electrochemistry: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, A. Wieckowski, ed. Marcel Dekker, NY (1999) p 815.

    Google Scholar 

  79. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 4922.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. B. N. Grgur, N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 66 (2001) 785.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. I. M Tidswell, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, J. Electroanal. Chem. 376 (1994) 119.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B55 (1997) 7964.

    Google Scholar 

  83. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 425 (1999) L381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. J. X. Wang, I. K. Robinson, B. M. Ocko, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. B109 (2005) 24.

    Google Scholar 

  85. V. R. Stamenkovic, M. Arenz, C. A. Lucas, M. E. Gallagher, P. N. Ross, and N. M. Markovic, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 2736.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. M. E. Gallagher, C. A. Lucas, V. Stamenkovic, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 544 (2003) L729.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. T. E. Lister, Y. Chu, W. Cullen, H. You, R. M. Yonco, J. F. Mitchell, and Z. Nagy, J. Electroanal. Chem. 524-525 (2002) 201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Y. S. Chu, T. E. Lister, W. G. Cullen, H. You, and Z. Nagy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 3364.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Z. Nagy, H. You, R. M. Yonco, C. A. Melendres, W. Yun, and V. A. Maroni, Electrochim. Acta 36 (1991) 209.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. M. F. Toney, J. G. Gordon, M. G. Samant, G. L. Borges, O. R. Melroy, L.-S. Kau, D. G. Wiesler, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. B42 (1990) 5594.

    Google Scholar 

  91. J. Zegenhagen, F. U. Renner, A. Reitzle, T. L. Lee, S. Warren, A. Stierle, H. Dosch, G. Scherb, B. O. Fimland, and D. M. Kolb, Surf. Sci. 573 (2004) 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. J. Zegenhagen, A. Kazimirov, G. Scherb, D. M. Kolb, D. M. Smilgies, and R. Feidenhans’l, Surf. Sci. 352 (1996) 346.

    Google Scholar 

  93. D. G. Wiesler, M. F. Toney, C. S. McMillan, and W. H. Smyrl, in The Application of Surface Analysis Methods to Environmental/Material Interactions, D. R. Bear, C. R. Clayton, and G. D. Davis, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 91-7, Pennington, NJ (1991) p 440.

    Google Scholar 

  94. G. M. Bommarito, D. Acevedo, and H. D. Abruna, J. Phys. Chem. 96 (1992) 3416.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. H. You, D. J. Zurawski, Z. Nagy, and R. M. Yonco, J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) 4699.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. H. You and Z. Nagy, Physica B198 (1994) 187.

    Google Scholar 

  97. H. You, D. J. Zurawski, R. P. Chiarello, and Z. Nagy, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  98. G. Luo, S. Malkova, S. V. Pingali, D. G. Schultz, B. Lin, M. Meron, T. J. Graber, J. Gebhardt, P. Vanysek, and M. L. Schlossman, Faraday Discuss. 129 (2005) 23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. G. Luo, S. Malkova, J. Yoon, D. G. Schultz, B. Lin, M. Meron, I. Benjamin, P. Vanysek, and M. L. Schlossman, J. Electroanal. Chem. 593 (2006) 142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. G. Luo, S. Malkova, S. V. Pingali, D. G. Schultz, B. Lin, M. Meron, I. Benjamin, P. Vanysek, and M. L. Schlossman, J. Phys. Chem. B110 (2006) 4527.

    Google Scholar 

  101. G. Luo, S. Malkova, J. Yoon, D. G. Schultz, B. Lin, M. Meron, I. Benjamin, P. Vanysek, and M. L. Schlossman, Science 311 (2006) 216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. J. Li, E. Herrero, and H. D. Abruna, Colloid Surf. A134 (1998) 113.

    Google Scholar 

  103. B. M. Ocko, J. X. Wang, and T. Wandlowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 1511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. J. X. Wang, T. Wandlowski, and B. M. Ocko, in The Electrochemical Double Layer, C. Korzeniewski and B. E. Conway, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 97-17, Pennington, NJ (1997) p 293.

    Google Scholar 

  105. R. R. Adzic, and J. X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B104 (2000) 869.

    Google Scholar 

  106. R.R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 4203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. T. Wandlowski, J. X. Wang, and B. M. Ocko, J. Electroanal. Chem. 500 (2001) 418.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. J. E. DeVilbiss, J. X. Wang, B. M. Ocko, K. Tamura, R. R. Adzic, I. A. Vartanyants, and I. K. Robinson, Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 3057.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. R. R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, Solid State Ionics 150 (2002) 105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, and T. Wandlowski, Physica B221 (1996) 238.

    Google Scholar 

  111. B. M. Ocko, O. M. Magnussen, J. X. Wang, and T. Wandlowski, Phys. Rev. B53 (1996) R7654.

    Google Scholar 

  112. J. X. Wang, N. S. Marinkovic, and R. R. Adzic, Colloid Surf. A134 (1998) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  113. O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, R. R. Adzic, and J. X. Wang, Phys. Rev. B51 (1995) 5510.

    Google Scholar 

  114. O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, J. X. Wang, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 5500.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. E. Herrero, S. Glazier, and H. D. Abruna, J. Phys. Chem. B102 (1998) 9825.

    Google Scholar 

  116. E. Herrero, S. Glazier, L. J. Buller, and H. D. Abruna, J. Electroanal. Chem. 461 (1999) 121.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, H. A. Gasteiger, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 365 (1996) 229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Langmuir 13 (1997) 5517.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 94 (1998) 3373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. I. M Tidswell, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B51 (1995) 10205.

    Google Scholar 

  121. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 340 (1995) L949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, I. M. Tidswell, and P. N. Ross, Physica B221 (1996) 245.

    Google Scholar 

  123. R. R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 62 (1997) 873.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, H. A. Gasteiger, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 372 (1997) 239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, H. A. Gasteiger, and P. N. Ross, in Solid-Liquid Electrochemical Interfaces, G. Jerkiewicz, M. P. Soriaga, K. Uosaki, and A. Wieckowski, eds. ACS Symposium Series 656, Washington, DC (1997) p 87.

    Google Scholar 

  126. N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, J. Electroanal. Chem. 448 (1998) 183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. N. M. Markovic, C. A. Lucas, A. Rodes, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 499 (2002) L149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B57 (1998) 13184.

    Google Scholar 

  129. N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, Electrochim. Acta 44 (1998) 1009.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Rev. Lett. 6 (1999) 917.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 448 (2000) 65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 448 (2000) 77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. N. M. Markovic, H. A. Gasteiger, C. A. Lucas, I. M. Tidswell, and P. N. Ross, Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. N. M. Markovic, B. N. Grgur, C. A. Lucas, and P. N. Ross, J. Phys. Chem. B103 (1999) 487.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Y. V. Tolmachev, A. Menzel, A. V. Tkachuk, Y. S. Chu, and H. You, Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 7 (2004) E23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. A. Menzel, K.-C. Chang, V. Komanicky, and H. You, Phys. Rev. Lett. submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  137. A. Menzel, K.-C. Chang, V. Komanicky, Y. V. Tolmachev, A. Tkachuk, Y. S. Chu, and H. You, Phys. Rev. B submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  138. M Ball, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, B. M. Murphy, P. Steadman, T. J. Schmidt, V. Stamenkovic, and P. N. Ross, Langmuir 17 (2001) 5943.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. J. X. Wang, G. M. Watson, and B. M. Ocko, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 6672.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. M. Cappadonia, K. M. Robinson, J. Schmidberger, and U. Stimming, J. Electroanal. Chem. 436 (1997) 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. A. C. Finnefrock, L. J. Buller, K. L. Ringland, J. D. Brock, and H. D. Abruna, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 11703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. H. D. Abruna, J. M. Feliu, J. D. Brock, L. J. Buller, E. Herrero, J. Li, R. Gomez, and A. Finnefrock, Electrochim. Acta 43 (1998) 2899.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. A. C. Finnefrock, K. L. Ringland, J. D. Brock, L. J. Buller, and H. D. Abruna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 3459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. E. Herrero, L. J. Buller, J. Li, A. C. Finnefrock, A. B. Salomon, C. Alonso, J. D. Brock, and H. D. Abruna, Electrochim. Acta 44 (1998) 983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. X. Torrelles, C. Vericat, M. E. Vela, M. H. Fonticelli, M. A. D. Millone, R. Felici, T.-L. Lee, J. Zegenhagen, G. Munoz, J. A. Martın-Gago, and R. C. Salvarezza, J. Phys. Chem. B110 (2006) 5586.

    Google Scholar 

  146. B. M. Ocko, G. M. Watson, and J. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 897.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. E. Casero, C. Alonso, J. A. Martin-Gago, F. Borgatti, R. Felici, F. Renner, T.-L. Lee, and J. Zegenhagen, Surf. Sci. 507-510 (2002) 688.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Y. S. Chu, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  149. J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, and B. M. Ocko, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 7182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. C. Vericat, M. E. Vela, G. A. Andreasen, R. C. Salvarezza, F. Borgatti, RFelici, T.- L. Lee, F. Renner, J. Zegenhagen, and J. A. Martin-Gago, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 075506.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. C. Vericat, M. E. Vela, J. Gago, and R. C. Salvarezza, Electrichim. Acta 49 (2004) 3643.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. L Lee, J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, I. K. Robinson, and A. A. Gewirth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (2001) 8838.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. J. Li and H. D. Abruna, J. Phys. Chem. B101 (1997) 244.

    Google Scholar 

  154. E. Herrero, J. Li, and H. D. Abruna, Electrochim. Acta 1999 44 (1999) 2385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Rev. B56 (1997) 3651.

    Google Scholar 

  156. R. R. Adzic, J. X. Wang, O. M. Magnussen, and B. M. Ocko, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 14721.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. J. X. Wang, N. S. Marinkovic, H. Zajonz, B. M. Ocko, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. B105 (2001) 2809.

    Google Scholar 

  158. S. R. Brankovic, J. X. Wang, Y. Zhu, R. Sabatini, J. McBreen, and R. R. Adzic, J. Electroanal. Chem. 524 (2002) 231.

    Google Scholar 

  159. N. M. Jisrawi, H. Wiesmann, M. W. Ruckman, T. R. Thurston, G. Reisfeld, B. M. Ocko, and M. Strongin, J. Mater. Res. 12 (1997) 2091.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. N. M. Jisrawi, H. Wiesmann, M. W. Ruckman, T. R. Thurston, G. Reisfeld, B. M. Ocko, and M. Strongin, J. Mater. Res. 13 (1998) 518.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. H. You and Z. Nagy, Cornell University CHESS Newsletter (1995) p 17.

    Google Scholar 

  162. H. You, Z. Nagy, D. J. Zurawski, and R. P. Chiarello, in 6th International Symposium on Electrode Processes, A. Wieckowski and K. Itaya, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 96-8, Pennington, NJ (1996) p 136.

    Google Scholar 

  163. H. You and Z. Nagy, MRS Bulletin 24(1) (1999) 36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. K Tamura, J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, and B. M. Ocko, J. Phys. Chem. B108 (2004) 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  165. T. J. Schmidt, V. R. Stamenkovic, C. A. Lucas, N. M. Markovic, and P. N. Ross, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3 (2001) 3879.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. T. E. Lister, Y. V. Tolmachev, Y. Chu, W. G. Cullen, H. You, R. Yonco, and Z. Nagy, J. Electroanal. Chem. 554-555 (2003) 71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. R. R. Adzic, J. Wang, and B. M. Ocko, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) 83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. K. Tamura, B. M. Ocko, J. X. Wang, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. B106 (2002) 3896.

    Google Scholar 

  169. R. R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, in Oxygen Electrochemistry, R. R. Adzic, F. C. Anson, and K. Kinoshita, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 95-26, Pennington, NJ (1995) p 61.

    Google Scholar 

  170. N. S. Marinkovic, J. X. Wang, and R.R. Adzic, in The Electrochemical Double Layer, C. Korzeniewski and B. E. Conway, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 97-17, Pennington, NJ (1997) p 251.

    Google Scholar 

  171. R. R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B102 (1998) 8988.

    Google Scholar 

  172. T. Kondo, J. Morita, M. Okamura, T. Saito, and K. Uosaki, J. Electroanal. Chem. 532 (2002) 201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. J. X. Wang, B. M. Ocko, and R. R. Adzic, Surf. Sci. 540 (2003) 230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. J. X. Wang, N. S. Marinkovic, R. R. Adzic, and B. M. Ocko, Surf. Sci. 398 (1998) L291.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. N. S. Marinkovic, J. X. Wang, J. S. Marinkovic, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. B103 (1999) 139.

    Google Scholar 

  176. M. F. Toney, J. G. Gordon, M. G. Samant, G. L. Borges, D. G. Wiesler, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Langmuir 7 (1991) 796.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. M. F. Toney, in Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis and Oxygen Electrochemistry, D. Scherson, D. Tryk, M. Daroux, and X. Xing, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-11, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 121.

    Google Scholar 

  178. C.-h. Chien, K. D. Kepler, A. .A Gewirth, B. M. Ocko, and J. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. 97 (1993) 7290.

    Google Scholar 

  179. H. Kawamura, M. Takahasi, and J. Mizuki, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149 (2002) C586.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. M. Cappadonia, K. M. Robinson, J. Schmidberger, and U. Stimming, Surf. Rev. Lett. 4 (1997) 1173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. R. J. Randler, D. M. Kolb, B. M. Ocko, and I. K. Robinson, Surf. Sci 447 (2000) 187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. M. F Toney, J. N. Howard, J. Richer, G. L. Borges, J. G. Gordon, O. R. Melroy, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4472.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. J. Li and H. D. Abruna, J. Phys. Chem. B101 (1997) 2907.

    Google Scholar 

  184. O. R. Melroy, M. F. Toney, G. L. Borges, M. G. Samant, J. B. Kortright, P. N. Ross, and L. Blum, Phys. Rev. B38 (1988) 10962.

    Google Scholar 

  185. M. G. Samant, M. F. Toney, G. L. Borges, L. Blum, and O. R. Melroy, Surf. Sci. 193 (1988) L29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. M. G. Samant, M. F. Toney, G. L. Borges, L. Blum, and O. R. Melroy, J. Phys. Chem. 92 (1988) 220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. M. F. Toney and O. R. Melroy, in Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Research, R. Clarke, J. Gland, and J. H. Weaver, eds. Materials Research Society Proceedings 143, Pittsburgh, PA (1989) p 37.

    Google Scholar 

  188. J. B. Kortright, P. N. Ross, O. R. Melroy, M. F. Toney, G. L. Borges, and M. G. Samant, J. Phys. Colloq. No. C7 50 Suppl. 10 (1989) p C7-153.

    Google Scholar 

  189. O. R. Melroy, M. F. Toney, G. L. Borges, M. G. Samant, J. B. Kortright, P. N. Ross, and L. Blum, J. Electroanal. Chem. 258 (1989) 403.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. M. F. Toney, J. G. Gordon, M. G. Samant, G. L. Borges, O. R. Melroy, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 4733.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Y. S. Chu, I. K. Robinson, and A. A. Gewirth, Phys. Rev. B55 (1997) 7945.

    Google Scholar 

  192. R. R. Adzic, J. Wang, C. M. Vitus, and B. M. Ocko, Surf. Sci. Lett. 293 (1993) L876.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. J. X. Wang, I. K. Robinson, J. E. DeVilbiss, and R. R. Adzic, J. Phys. Chem. B104 (2000) 7951.

    Google Scholar 

  194. T. Kondo, K. Tamura, M. Takahasi, J.-i. Mizuki, and K. Uosaki, Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 3075.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, O. M. Magnussen, and B.M. Ocko, Surf. Sci. 344 (1995) 111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. M. F. Toney, in The Application of Surface Analysis Methods to Environmental/ Material Interactions, D. R. Bear, C. R. Clayton, and G. D. Davis, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 91-7, Pennington, NJ (1991) p 200.

    Google Scholar 

  197. M. F. Toney, J. G. Gordon, M. G. Samant, G. L. Borges, O. R. Melroy, D. Yee, and L. B. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. B45 (1992) 9362.

    Google Scholar 

  198. M. F. Toney, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1,Pennington, NJ (1992) p 1

    Google Scholar 

  199. J. X. Wang, R. R. Adzic, O. M. Magnussen, and B.M. Ocko, Surf. Sci. 335 (1995) 120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. R. R. Adzic and J. X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B102 (1998) 6305.

    Google Scholar 

  201. J. X. Wang, I. K. Robinson, and R. R. Adzic, Surf. Sci. 412/413 (1998) 374.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. K. Krug, J. Stettner, and O. M. Magnussen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 246101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. J. C. Ziegler, A. Reitzle, O. Bunk, J. Zegenhagen, and D. M. Kolb, Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 4599.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. T. Koop, W. Schindler, A. Kazimirov, G. Scherb, J. Zegenhagen, T. Schultz, R. Feidenhans’l, and J. Kirschner, Rev. Sci. Instr. 69 (1998) 1840.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. W. Schindler, T. Koop, A. Kazimirov, G. Scherb, J. Zegenhagen, T. Schultz, R. Feidenhans’l, and J. Kirschner, Surf. Sci. 465 (2000) L783.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. B. M. Ocko, I. K. Robinson, M. Weinert, R. J. Randler, and D. M. Kolb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 780.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. D.-M Smilgies, R. Feidenhans’l, G. Scherb, D. M. Kolb, A. Kazimirov, and J Zegenhagen, Surf. Sci. 367 (1996) 40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. M. J. Armstrong, G. M. Whitney, and . M. F. Toney, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 62.

    Google Scholar 

  209. C. K. Rhee, M. Wakisaka, Y. V. Tolmachev, C. M. Johnston, R. Haasch, K. Attenkofer, G. Q. Lu, H. You, and A. Wieckowski, J. Electroanal. Chem. 554- 555 (2003) 367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. J. C. Ziegler, G. Scherb, O. Bunk, A. Kazimirov, L. X. Cao, D. M Kolb, R. L. Johnson, and J. Zegenhagen, Surf. Sci. 452 (2000) 150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. H. You, Y. S. Chu, T. E. Lister, and Z. Nagy, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38(Suppl. 38-1) (1999) 239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. H. You, Z. Nagy, C. A. Melendres, D. J. Zurawski, R. P. Chiarello, R. M. Yonco, H. K. Kim, and V. A. Maroni, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 73.

    Google Scholar 

  213. C. A. Melendres, H. You, V. A. Maroni, Z. Nagy, and W. Yun, J. Electroanal. Chem. 297 (1991) 549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. H. You, Y. S. Chu, Z. Nagy, and V. Parkhutik, in Proceedings of The Eighth International Symposium on the Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors, M. B. Ives, J. L. Lou, and J. R. Rodda, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 99-42, Pennington, NJ (2001) p 357.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Y. S. Chu, I. K. Robinson, and A. A. Gewirth, J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 5952.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. D. H. Kim, S. S. Kim, H. H. Lee, H. W. Jang, J. W. Kim, M. Tang, K. S. Liang, S. K. Sinha, and D. Y. Noh, J. Phys. Chem. B108 (2004) 20213.

    Google Scholar 

  217. M. F. Toney, A. J. Davenport, L. J. Oblonsky, M. P. Ryan, C. M. Vitus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 4282.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. A. J. Davenport, L. J. Oblonsky, M. P. Ryan, and M. F. Toney, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147 (2000) 2162.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. O. M. Magnussen, J. Scherer, B. M. Ocko, and R. J. Behm, J. Phys. Chem. B104 (2000) 1222.

    Google Scholar 

  220. J. Scherer, B. M. Ocko, and O. M. Magnussen, Electrochim. Acta 48 (2003) 1169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. S. L. Medway, C. A. Lucas, A. Kowal, R. J. Nichols, and D. Johnson, J. Electroanal. Chem. 587 (2006) 172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. H. You, Y. S. Chu, T. E. Lister, Z. Nagy, A. L. Ankudiniv, and J. J. Rehr, Physica B283 (2000) 212.

    Google Scholar 

  223. V. Parkhutik, Y. Chu, H. You, Z. Nagy, and P. A. Montano, J. Porous Mater. 7 (2000) 27.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. D. H. Kim, H. H. Lee, S. S. Kim, H. C. Kang, D. Y. Noh, H. Kim, and S. K. Sinha, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 (2004) 6427.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. K. Uosaki, M. Koinuma, T. Kondo, S. Ye, I. Yagi, H. Noguchi, K. Tamura, K. Takeshita, and T. Matsushita, J. Electroanal. Chem. 429 (1997) 13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. G. Scherb, A. Kazimirov, J. Zegenhagen, T. Schultz, R. Feidenhans’l, and B. O. Fimland, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 (1997) 2990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. G. Sherb, A. Kazimirov, and J. Zegenhagen, Rev. Sci. Instr. 69 (1998) 512.

    Google Scholar 

  228. F. U. Renner, A. Stierle, H. Dosch, D. M. Kolb, T.-L. Lee, and J. Zegenhagen, Nature 439 (2006) 707.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. C. A. Melendres, Y. P. Feng, D. D. Lee, and S. K. Sinha, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142 (1995) L19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Y. P. Feng, S. K. Sinha, C. A. Melendres, and D. D. Lee, Physica B221 (1996) 251.

    Google Scholar 

  231. R. De Marco, Z.-T. Jiang, B. Pejcic, and E. Poinen, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005) B389.

    Google Scholar 

  232. H. You, K. Huang, S. S. Yoo, and Z. Nagy, in International Symposium on Advanced Luminescent Materials, D. J. Lockwood, P. M. Fauchet, N. Koshida, and S. R. J. Brueck, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 95-25, Pennington, NJ (1995) p 230.

    Google Scholar 

  233. H. You, Z. Nagy, and K. Huang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 1367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. H. You, J. A. Tanzer, Z. Nagy, Z. Gaburro, and D. Babic, in Pits and Pores: Formation, Properties, and Significance for Advanced Luminescent Materials, P. Schmuki, D. J. Lockwood, H. Isaacs, and A. Bsiesy, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 97-7, Pennington, NJ (1997) p 215.

    Google Scholar 

  235. L. Bosio, R. Cortes, M. Denoziere, and G. Folcher, J. Phys. Colloq. No. C7 50 Suppl. 10 (1989) p C7-23.

    Google Scholar 

  236. L. Bosio, R. Cortes, G. Folcher, and M. Froment, in X-Ray Methods in Corrosion and Interfacial Electrochemistry, A. Davenport and J. G. Gordon, eds. Electrochemical Society Proceedings 92-1, Pennington, NJ (1992) p 49.

    Google Scholar 

  237. L. Bosio, R. Cortes, G. Folcher, and M. Froment, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 2110.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Z. Nagy, in Historical Perspectives on the Evolution of Electrochemical Tools, J. Leddy, V. Birss, and P. Vanysek, eds. Electrochemical Society Special Volume SV2002-29, Pennington, NJ (2004) p 235.

    Google Scholar 

  239. G. G. Long, J. Kruger, and M. Kuriyama, in Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors, M. Froment, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1983) p 139.

    Google Scholar 

  240. L. Bosio, R. Cortes, A. Defrain, M. Froment, and A. M. Lebrun, in Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors, M. Froment, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1983) p 131.

    Google Scholar 

  241. L. Bosio, R. Cortes, and M. Froment, in EXAFS Near Edge Struct. 3 Springer Proc. Phys. 2), K. Hodgson, B. Hedman, and J. E. Penner-Hahn, eds. Springer, Berlin (1984) p 484.

    Google Scholar 

  242. M. Fleishmann, A. Oliver, and J. Robinson, Electrochim. Acta 31 (1986) 899.

    Google Scholar 

  243. M. G. Dowsett and A. Adriaens, Anal. Chem. 78 (2006) 3360.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Z. Nagy, R. M. Yonco, H. You, and C. A. Melendres, U. S. Patent 5,141, 617 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  245. Z. Nagy, H. You, and R. M. Yonco, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 (1994) 2199.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Z. Nagy, H. You, Y. V. Tolmachev, and R. M. Yonco, unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  247. Z. Nagy and H. You, J. Electroanal. Chem. 381 (1995) 275.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA

    Zoltán Nagy & Hoydoo You

  2. Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

    Zoltán Nagy

Authors
  1. Zoltán Nagy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hoydoo You
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2009 Springer-Verlag New York

    About this chapter

    Cite this chapter

    Nagy, Z., You, H. (2009). Applications of Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering for the Investigation of the Electrochemical Interphase. In: White, R. (eds) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, No. 45. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol 45. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0655-7_5

    Download citation

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation