Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Ophthalmic Oncology pp 179–199Cite as

Multidisciplinary Management of Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Direction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series ((MDA,volume 6))

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is a relatively uncommon tumor of childhood that arises from the retina and accounts for about 3% of the cancers occurring in children younger than 15 years. The treatment of retinoblastoma is complex and requires a multidisciplinary team that includes pediatric oncologists, ophthalmologists, ocular pathologists, geneticists, and radiation oncologists, all of whom have expertise in retinoblastoma management. This chapter includes a brief discussion of the presentation, classification, and pathologic features of the disease. Available treatment options are also discussed, including enucleation, chemoreduction, systemic or local chemotherapy, focal therapy with cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, or plaque brachytherapy, and external-beam radiation therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Reese AB, Ellsworth RM. The evaluation and current concept of retinoblastoma therapy. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1963;67:164–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Murphree AL. Intraocular retinoblastoma: the case for a new group classification. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2005;18(1):41–53, viii.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Shields CL, Mashayekhi A, Au AK, et al. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success. Ophthalmology 2006;113(12):2276–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dryja TP, Cavenee W, White R, et al. Homozygosity of chromosome 13 in retinoblastoma. N Engl J Med 1984;310:550–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Classon M, Harlow E. The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor in development and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:910–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hagstrom SA, Dryja TP. Mitotic recombination map of 13cen-13q14 derived from an investigation of loss of heterozygosity in retinoblastomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:2952–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sherr CJ. Cancer cell cycles. Science 1996;274:1672–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wong FL, Boice JD Jr, Abramson DH, et al. Cancer incidence after retinoblastoma: radiation dose and sarcoma risk. JAMA 1997;278:1262–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Rubenfeld M, Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, et al. Unilateral vs. bilateral retinoblastoma: correlations between age at diagnosis and stage of ocular disease. Ophthalmology 1986;93:1016–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Noorani HZ, Khan HN, Gallie BL, et al. Cost comparison of molecular versus conventional screening of relatives at risk for retinoblastoma. Am J Hum Genet 1996;59:301–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cohen JG, Dryja TP, Nicholls KB, et al. RB1 genetic testing as a clinical service: a follow-up study. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:372–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. McLean IW, Burnier M, Zimmerman L, et al. Tumors of the retina. In: McLean IW, Burnier MN, Zimmerman LE, Fa J, editors. Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Tumors of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1994:100–35.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hurwitz RL, Chévez-Barrios P, Chintagumpala M, et al. Retinoblastoma. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack D, editors. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 2002:825–46.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chévez-Barrios P, Eagle RC, Marbach P. Histological features and risks for metastatic spread of retinoblastoma. In: Singh AD, Damato B, Pe’er J, Murphree AL, Perry JD, editors. Clinical Ocular Oncology, first edition. London: Elsevier Saunders, 2007:468–76.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Karcioglu ZA, al Mesfer SA, Abboud E, et al. Workup for metastatic retinoblastoma. A review of 261 patients. Ophthalmology 1997;104:307–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Friedman DL, Himelstein B, Shields CL, et al. Chemoreduction and local ophthalmic therapy for intraocular retinoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2000;18(1):12–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Brichard B, De Bruycker JJ, De Potter P, et al. Combined chemotherapy and local treatment in the management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38(6):411–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Antoneli CB, Ribeiro KC, Steinhorst F, et al. Treatment of retinoblastoma patients with chemoreduction plus local therapy: experience of the AC Camargo Hospital, Brazil. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2006;28(6):342–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wilson MW, Haik BG, et al. Treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma with vincristine and carboplatin. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(10):2019–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Schiavetti A, Hadjistillianou T, Clerico A, et al. Conservative therapy in intraocular retinoblastoma: response/recurrence rate. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005;27(1):3–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zage PE, Reitman AJ, Seshadri R, et al. Outcomes of a two-drug chemotherapy regimen for intraocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50(3):567–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Williams PC, Hemer WD, Roman-Goldstein S, et al. Toxicity and efficacy of carboplatin and etoposide in conjunction with disruption of the blood-brain tumor barrier in the treatment of intracranial neoplasms. Neurosurgery 1995;37(1):17–27; discussion 27–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chantada GL, Fandino AC, Raslawski EC, et al. Experience with chemoreduction and focal therapy for intraocular retinoblastoma in a developing country. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44(5):455–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hadjistilianou T, Mastrangelo D, De Francesco S, et al. Brief report: conservative treatment in unilateral retinoblastoma: a preliminary report. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;38(6):439–41.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Shields CL, Shelil A, Cater J, et al. Development of new retinoblastomas after 6 cycles of chemoreduction for retinoblastoma in 162 eyes of 106 consecutive patients. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121(11):1571–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Beck MN, Balmer A, Dessing C, et al. First-line chemotherapy with local treatment can prevent external-beam irradiation and enucleation in low-stage intraocular retinoblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2000;18(15):2881–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Levy C, Doz F, Quintana E, et al. Role of chemotherapy alone or in combination with hyperthermia in the primary treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma: preliminary results. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82(10):1154–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hungerford JL, Toma NM, Plowman PN, et al. External beam radiotherapy for retinoblastoma: I. Whole eye technique. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79(2):109–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shields CL, Shields JA, DePotter P, et al. The effect of chemoreduction on retinoblastoma-induced retinal detachment. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1997;34(3):165–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wilson MW, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Haik BG, et al. Multiagent chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for multifocal intraocular retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology 2001;108(11):2106–14; discussion 2114–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Rozakis GW. Cryotherapy for retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100(8):1253–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shields JA, Shields CL, Donoso LA, et al. Current treatment of retinoblastoma. Trans Pa Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1989;41:818–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Shields CL, Shields JA, Cater J, et al. Plaque radiotherapy for retinoblastoma: long-term tumor control and treatment complications in 208 tumors. Ophthalmology 2001;108(11):2116–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Abramson DH, Schefler AC. Transpupillary thermotherapy as initial treatment for small intraocular retinoblastoma: technique and predictors of success. Ophthalmology 2004;111(5):984–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee SY, Kim DK, Cho JH, et al. Inhibitory effect of bevacizumab on the angiogenesis and growth of retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126(7):953–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dalgard CL, Van Quill KR, O’Brien JM. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the therapy of retinoblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(10):3113–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Laurie NA, Donovan SL, Shih CS, et al. Inactivation of the p53 pathway in retinoblastoma. Nature 2006;444:61–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Wadhwa L, Hurwitz MY, Chevez-Barrios P, et al. Treatment of invasive retinoblastoma in a murine model using an oncolytic picornavirus. Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10653–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kleinerman RA, Tucker MA, Tarone RE, et al. Risk of new cancers after radiotherapy in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma: an extended follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(10):2272–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dunkel IJ, Aledo A, Kernan NA, et al. Successful treatment of metastatic retinoblastoma. Cancer 2000;89(10):2117–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kremens B, Wieland R, Reinhard H, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue in children with retinoblastoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;31(4):281–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lee SH, Yoo KH, Sung KW, et al. Tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue in children with bilateral advanced retinoblastoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008;42(6):385–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Matsubara H, Makimoto A, Higa T, et al. A multidisciplinary treatment strategy that includes high-dose chemotherapy for metastatic retinoblastoma without CNS involvement. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005;35(8):763–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Namouni F, Doz F, Tanguy ML, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide followed by a hematopoietic stem cell rescue in patients with high-risk retinoblastoma: a SFOP and SFGM study. Eur J Cancer 1997;33(14):2368–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Gombos DS, Hungerford JH, Abramson DH, et al. Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia in patients with retinoblastoma: is chemotherapy a factor? Ophthalmology 2007;114(7):1378–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gunduz K, Shields CL, Shields JA, et al. The outcome of chemoreduction treatment in patients with Reese-Ellsworth group V retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116(12):1613–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Chevez-Barrios P, Hurwitz MY, Louie K, et al. Metastatic and nonmetastatic models of retinoblastoma. Am J Pathol 2000;157:1405–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hurwitz MY, Marcus KT, Chevez-Barrios P, et al. Suicide gene therapy for treatment of retinoblastoma in a murine model. Hum Gene Ther 1999;10: 441–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wadhwa L, Hurwitz MY, Chevez-Barrios P, et al. Treatment of invasive retinoblastoma in a murine model using an oncolytic picornavirus. Cancer Res 2007;67:10653–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mallam JN, Hurwitz MY, Mahoney T, et al. Efficient gene transfer into retinal cells using adenoviral vectors: dependence on receptor expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:1680–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Chevez-Barrios P, Chintagumpala M, Mieler W, et al. Response of retinoblastoma with vitreous tumor seeding to adenovirus-mediated delivery of thymidine kinase followed by ganciclovir. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7927–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lee V, Hungerford JL, Bunce C, et al. Globe conserving treatment of the only eye in bilateral retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87(11):1374–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical City Children’s Hospital, Texas Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA

    Maurizio L. Ghisoli

  2. Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Peter E. Zage

  3. Children’s Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Cindy Herzog

  4. Retinoblastoma Center of Houston, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Patty Chevez-Barrios

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Murali Chintagumpala

  6. Retinoblastoma Center of Houston and Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Richard L. Hurwitz

  7. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Anita Mahajan

  8. Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Dan S. Gombos

Authors
  1. Maurizio L. Ghisoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter E. Zage
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cindy Herzog
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Patty Chevez-Barrios
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Murali Chintagumpala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Richard L. Hurwitz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Anita Mahajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Dan S. Gombos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maurizio L. Ghisoli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Section of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Bita Esmaeli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ghisoli, M.L. et al. (2010). Multidisciplinary Management of Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Direction. In: Esmaeli, B. (eds) Ophthalmic Oncology. M.D. Anderson Solid Tumor Oncology Series, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0374-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0374-7_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0373-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0374-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation