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Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: An Ecological Perspective, a Review of Progress and Opportunities for Further Research

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Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes:

Part of the book series: Progress in Biological Control ((PIBC,volume 11))

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes are important pests, causing billions of dollars damage to the world’s food and fibre crops. However, from an ecological perspective, this group of nematodes is simply one component in a vast array of organisms that live in soil. All these organisms interact with nematodes and with each other, and during that process, contribute to regulatory mechanisms that maintain the ­stability of the soil food-web. Populations of individual species do not increase indefinitely but are subject to a constant series of checks and balances, which more or less stabilises their population densities. Thus, biological control is a normal part of a properly functioning soil ecosystem, with plant-parasitic nematodes only becoming pests when they are no longer constrained by the biological buffering mechanisms that normally keep them in check. This chapter therefore focuses on approaches that can be used to restore, maintain or enhance the natural nematode-suppressive mechanisms that should operate in all agricultural soils. The positive impact of organic matter and the negative effects of tillage, biocides, fertilisers and other management practices on suppressiveness are discussed, together with examples of suppression due to host-specific natural enemies. The problems ­associated with replacing soil fumigants and nematicides with biological alternatives, and the ecological issues likely to affect the efficacy of such products, are also considered.

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Acknowledgements

I thank Gregor Yeates and Keith Davies for their comments on the manuscript, and my wife Marcelle for her constant support over many years.

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  1. Biological Crop Protection Pty. Ltd., 3601 Moggill Road, Moggill, QLD, 4070, Australia

    Graham R. Stirling

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Correspondence to Graham R. Stirling .

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  1. , Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

    Keith Davies

  2. Volcani Center, Dept. Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Yitzhak Spiegel

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Stirling, G.R. (2011). Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: An Ecological Perspective, a Review of Progress and Opportunities for Further Research. In: Davies, K., Spiegel, Y. (eds) Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes:. Progress in Biological Control, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9648-8_1

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