Oxidants, in addition to their accepted role as cytotoxicity agents, can mediate specific cellular and molecular responses and expression of genes involved in pathophysiological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. Their effects are mainly mediated by oxidant-induced cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) imbalance. Dietary fat, especially the content and type of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is the source of oxidants (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxides) which cause oxidative alteration of biomembranes and modulate inter- and intracellular signalling resulting in changes of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, mitochondria (especially oxidation of cardiolipin and activity of cytochrome c oxidase) play an important role. Changes of oxidative/antioxidative balance may thus contribute to deregulation of the above-mentioned processes leading to cancer promotion and progression. On the other hand, the known differences in PUFA content, oxidative metabolism, and antioxidant defence between normal and cancer cells direct the attention to possible application of increased oxidative stress as a novel anticancer strategy, especially by combining PUFAs with other anticancer agents.
Intestinal mucosa is one of the most exposed tissues by diet-derived oxidants. The metabolism and turnover of intestinal epithelial cells are regulated by various endogenous factors. However, they can also be modulated by dietary components. In addition to PUFAs, short-chain fatty acids like butyrate represent important regulators of epithelial cell kinetics and may also affect oxidative status in the tissue.
Our own results are based on the suggestion that in the colon many various agents (exogenous, endogenous) may operate together. Thus, signals from nutritional compounds and endogenous factors regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis are integrated within the cell and have a substantial impact determining the final phenotype, metabolism, and kinetics of colon epithelial cell population.
We investigated the effects of selected types of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, sodium butyrate (NaBt), their mutual interaction, as well as their interaction with endogenous regulators from the TNF family on in vitro proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of normal and/or transformed colon epithelial cells and the association of cytokinetic changes with modifications of cellular lipids, oxidative metabolism, and intracellular signalling.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abir, F., Alva, S., Kaminski, D. L., and Longo, W. E., “The Role of Arachidonic Acid Regulatory Enzymes in Colorectal Disease,” Dis Colon Rectum 48, no. 7 (2005): 1471–83.
Andoh, A., Tsujikawa, T., and Fujiyama, Y., “Role of Dietary Fiber and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon,” Curr Pharm Des 9, no. 4 (2003): 347–58.
Arab, K., Rossary, A., Flourie, F., Tourneur, Y., and Steghens, J. P., “Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances the Antioxidant Response of Human Fibroblasts by Upregulating Gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl Ligase and Glutathione Reductase,” Br J Nutr 95, no. 1 (2006a): 18–26.
Arab, K., Rossary, A., Soulere, L., and Steghens, J. P., “Conjugated Linoleic Acid, Unlike Other Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Strongly Induces Glutathione Synthesis without Any Lipoperoxidation,” Br J Nutr 96, no. 5 (2006b): 811–9.
Arita, K., Kobuchi, H., Utsumi, T., Takehara, Y., Akiyama, J., Horton, A. A., and Utsumi, K., “Mechanism of Apoptosis in H1–60 Cells Induced by N-3 and N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,” Biochem Pharmacol 62, no. 7 (2001): 821–8.
Aviram, M., Kaplan, M., Rosenblat, M., and Fuhrman, B., “Dietary Antioxidants and Paraoxonases against Ldl Oxidation and Atherosclerosis Development,” Handb Exp Pharmacol, no. 170 (2005): 263–300.
Aw, T. Y., “Molecular and Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress and Changes in Oxidation-Reduction Imbalance in the Intestine,” Am J Clin Nutr 70, no. 4 (1999): 557–65.
Bartsch, H., Nair, J., and Owen, R. W., “Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancers of the Breast and Colorectum: Emerging Evidence for Their Role as Risk Modifiers,” Carcinogenesis 20, no. 12 (1999): 2209–18.
Bayir, H., Fadeel, B., Palladino, M. J., Witasp, E., Kurnikov, I. V., Tyurina, Y. Y., Tyurin, V. A., Amoscato, A. A., Jiang, J., Kochanek, P. M., DeKosky, S. T., Greenberger,J. S., Shvedova, A. A., and Kagan, V. E., “Apoptotic Interactions of Cytochrome C: Redox Flirting with Anionic Phospholipids within and Outside of Mitochondria,” Biochim Biophys Acta 1757, no. 5–6 (2006): 648–59.
Bedard, K., and Krause, K.-H., “The Nox Family of Ros-Generating Nadph Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology,” Physiol. Rev. 87, no. 1 (2007): 245–313.
Begin, M. E., “Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and of Their Oxidation Products on Cell Survival,” Chem Phys Lipids 45, no. 2–4 (1987): 269–313.
Belluzzi, A., “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N-3 Pufas) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ibd): Pathogenesis and Treatment,” Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 8, no. 5 (2004): 225–9.
Benoit, V., de Moraes, E., Dar, N. A., Taranchon, E., Bours, V., Hautefeuille, A., Taniere, P., Chariot, A., Scoazec, J. Y., de Moura Gallo, C. V., Merville, M. P., and Hainaut, P., “Transcriptional Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Tumor Suppressor P53 Requires Nuclear Factor-Kappab,” Oncogene 25, no. 42 (2006): 5708–18.
Beyer-Sehlmeyer, G., Glei, M., Hartmann, E., Hughes, R., Persin, C., Bohm, V., Rowland, I., Schubert, R., Jahreis, G., and Pool-Zobel, B. L., “Butyrate Is Only One of Several Growth Inhibitors Produced During Gut Flora-Mediated Fermentation of Dietary Fibre Sources,” Br J Nutr 90, no. 6 (2003): 1057–70.
Boonstra, J., and Post, J. A., “Molecular Events Associated with Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Cycle Progression in Mammalian Cells,” Gene 337 (2004): 1–13.
Boudreau, M. D., Sohn, K. H., Rhee, S. H., Lee, S. W., Hunt, J. D., and Hwang, D. H., “Suppression of Tumor Cell Growth Both in Nude Mice and in Culture by N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Mediation through Cyclooxygenase-Independent Pathways,” Cancer Res 61, no. 4 (2001): 1386–91.
Bougnoux, P., Giraudeau, B., and Couet, C., “Diet, Cancer, and the Lipidome,” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15, no. 3 (2006): 416–21.
Buffinton, G. D., and Doe, W. F., “Depleted Mucosal Antioxidant Defences in Inflammatory Bowel Disease,” Free Radic Biol Med 19, no. 6 (1995): 911–8.
Caro, A. A., and Cederbaum, A. I., “Role of Cytochrome P450 in Phospholipase A2- and Arachidonic Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity,” Free Radic Biol Med 40, no. 3 (2006): 364–75.
Chang, W. L., Chapkin, R. S., and Lupton, J. R., “Fish Oil Blocks Azoxymethane-Induced Rat Colon Tumorigenesis by Increasing Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis Rather Than Decreasing Cell Proliferation,” J Nutr 128, no. 3 (1998): 491–7.
Chapkin, R. S., Hong, M. Y., Fan, Y. Y., Davidson, L. A., Sanders, L. M., Henderson, C. E., Barhoumi, R., Burghardt, R. C., Turner, N. D., and Lupton, J. R., “Dietary N-3 Pufa Alter Colonocyte Mitochondrial Membrane Composition and Function,” Lipids 37, no. 2 (2002): 193–9.
Chawla, A., Repa, J. J., Evans, R. M., and Mangelsdorf, D. J., “Nuclear Receptors and Lipid Physiology: Opening the X-Files,” Science 294, no. 5548 (2001): 1866–70.
Chen, C. N., Hsieh, F. J., Cheng, Y. M., Chang, K. J., and Lee, P. H., “Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Angiogenesis and Clinical Outcome of Human Gastric Cancer,” J Surg Oncol 94, no. 3 (2006): 226–33.
Cheng, Z., and Li, Y., “What Is Responsible for the Initiating Chemistry of Iron-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation: An Update,” Chem. Rev. 107, no. 3 (2007): 748–66.
Choi, S. Y., Gonzalvez, F., Jenkins, G. M., Slomianny, C., Chretien, D., Arnoult, D., Petit, P. X., and Frohman, M. A., “Cardiolipin Deficiency Releases Cytochrome C from the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane and Accelerates Stimuli-Elicited Apoptosis,” Cell Death Differ 14, no. 3 (2007): 597–606.
Chou, W. C., and Dang, C. V., “Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Recent Advances in Therapy and Molecular Basis of Response to Arsenic Therapies,” Curr Opin Hematol 12, no. 1 (2005): 1–6.
Cianchi, F., Cortesini, C., Fantappie, O., Messerini, L., Sardi, I., Lasagna, N., Perna, F., Fabbroni, V., Di Felice, A., Perigli, G., Mazzanti, R., and Masini, E., “Cyclooxygenase-2 Activation Mediates the Proangiogenic Effect of Nitric Oxide in Colorectal Cancer,” Clin Cancer Res 10, no. 8 (2004): 2694–704.
Conklin, K. A., “Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiation,” Altern Med Rev 7, no. 1 (2002): 4–21.
Cornwell, D. G., and Morisaki, N., “Fatty Acid Paradoxes in the Control of Cell Proliferation: Prostaglandins, Lipid Peroxides, and Cooxidation Reactions.” In: Free Radicals in Biology V Ed. William A. Pryor, Academic Press (1984): 95–133.
Das, U., “A Radical Approach to Cancer,” Med Sci Monit 8, no. 4 (2002): RA79–92.
Das, U. N., Huang, Y. S., Begin, M. E., Ells, G., and Horrobin, D. F., “Uptake and Distribution of Cis-Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Effect on Free Radical Generation in Normal and Tumor Cells in Vitro,” Free Radic Biol Med 3, no. 1 (1987): 9–14.
Davidson, L. A., Nguyen, D. V., Hokanson, R. M., Callaway, E. S., Isett, R. B., Turner, N. D., Dougherty, E. R., Wang, N., Lupton, J. R., Carroll, R. J., and Chapkin, R. S., “Chemopreventive N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reprogram Genetic Signatures During Colon Cancer Initiation and Progression in the Rat,” Cancer Res 64, no. 18 (2004): 6797–804.
Deckelbaum, R. J., Worgall, T. S., and Seo, T., “N-3 Fatty Acids and Gene Expression,” Am J Clin Nutr 83, no. 6 Suppl (2006): 1520S–25S.
Di Marzo, V., “Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoids as Targets and Effectors in Second Messenger Interactions,” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 53, no. 4 (1995): 239–54.
Diggle, C. P., “In Vitro Studies on the Relationship between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer: Tumour or Tissue Specific Effects?,” Prog Lipid Res 41, no. 3 (2002): 240–53.
Dommels, Y. E. M., Haring, M. M. G., Keestra, N. G. M., Alink, G. M., van Bladeren, P. J., and van Ommen, B., “The Role of Cyclooxygenase in N-6 and N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Mediated Effects on Cell Proliferation, Pge(2) Synthesis and Cytotoxicity in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines,” Carcinogenesis 24, no. 3 (2003): 385–92.
Dwivedi, S., Sharma, A., Patrick, B., Sharma, R., and Awasthi, Y. C., “Role of 4-Hydroxynonenal and Its Metabolites in Signaling,” Redox Rep 12, no. 1 (2007): 4–10.
Ebert, M. N., Klinder, A., Peters, W. H., Schaferhenrich, A., Sendt, W., Scheele, J., and Pool-Zobel, B. L., “Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases (Gsts) in Human Colon Cells and Inducibility of Gstm2 by Butyrate,” Carcinogenesis 24, no. 10 (2003): 1637–44.
Ehrmann, J., Jr., Vavrusova, N., Collan, Y., and Kolar, Z., “Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (Ppars) in Health and Disease,” Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 146, no. 2 (2002): 11–14.
Esposti, M. D., Cristea, I. M., Gaskell, S. J., Nakao, Y., and Dive, C., “Proapoptotic Bid Binds to Monolysocardiolipin, a New Molecular Connection between Mitochondrial Membranes and Cell Death,” Cell Death Differ 10, no. 12 (2003): 1300–9.
Furstenberger, G., Krieg, P., Muller-Decker, K., and Habenicht, A. J., “What Are Cyclooxygenases and Lipoxygenases Doing in the Driver’s Seat of Carcinogenesis?,” Int J Cancer 119, no. 10 (2006): 2247–54.
Giardina, C., Boulares, H., and Inan, M. S., “Nsaids and Butyrate Sensitize a Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line to Tnf-Alpha and Fas Ligation: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species,” Biochim Biophys Acta 1448, no. 3 (1999): 425–38.
Girotti, A. W., “Lipid Hydroperoxide Generation, Turnover, and Effector Action in Biological Systems,” J Lipid Res 39, no. 8 (1998): 1529–42.
Gius, D., and Spitz, D. R., “Redox Signaling in Cancer Biology,” Antioxid Redox Signal 8, no. 7–8 (2006): 1249–52.
Gonzales, I., Duryea, E. J., Vasquez, E., and Geraghty, N., “Effect of Enteral Feeding Temperature on Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants,” Neonatal Netw 14, no. 3 (1995): 39–43.
Goodman, J. E., Bowman, E. D., Chanock, S. J., Alberg, A. J., and Harris, C. C., “Arachidonate Lipoxygenase (Alox) and Cyclooxygenase (Cox) Polymorphisms and Colon Cancer Risk,” Carcinogenesis 25, no. 12 (2004): 2467–72.
Green, D. R., and Reed, J. C., “Mitochondria and Apoptosis,” Science 281, no. 5381 (1998): 1309–12.
Griffiths, G., Jones, H. E., Eaton, C. L., and Stobart, A. K., “Effect of N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Growth and Lipid Composition of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Canine Prostate Epithelial Cell Cultures,” Prostate 31, no. 1 (1997): 29–36.
Grune, T., and Davies, K. J. A., “The Proteasomal System and Hne-Modified Proteins,” Mol Aspects Med 24, no. 4–5 (2003): 195–204.
Havens, C. G., Ho, A., Yoshioka, N., and Dowdy, S. F., “Regulation of Late G1/S Phase Transition and Apc Cdh1 by Reactive Oxygen Species,” Mol Cell Biol 26, no. 12 (2006): 4701–11.
Hofmanova, J., Vaculova, A., and Kozubik, A., “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Sensitize Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Ht-29 Cells to Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis,” Cancer Lett 218, no. 1 (2005a): 33–41.
Hofmanova, J., Zadak, Z., Hyspler, R., Mikeska, J., Zdansky, P., Vaculova, A., Netikova, J., and Kozubik, A., “The Effects of Parenteral Lipid Emulsions on Cancer and Normal Human Colon Epithelial Cells in Vitro,” Physiol Res 54, no. 4 (2005b): 409–18.
Hong, M. Y., Chapkin, R. S., Barhoumi, R., Burghardt, R. C., Turner, N. D., Henderson, C. E., Sanders, L. M., Fan, Y. Y., Davidson, L. A., Murphy, M. E., Spinka, C. M., Carroll, R. J., and Lupton, J. R., “Fish Oil Increases Mitochondrial Phospholipid Unsaturation, Upregulating Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis in Rat Colonocytes,” Carcinogenesis 23, no. 11 (2002): 1919–25.
Hudert, C. A., Weylandt, K. H., Lu, Y., Wang, J., Hong, S., Dignass, A., Serhan, C. N., and Kang, J. X., “Transgenic Mice Rich in Endogenous Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Protected from Colitis,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, no. 30 (2006): 11276–81.
Iacomino, G., Tecce, M. F., Grimaldi, C., Tosto, M., and Russo, G. L., “Transcriptional Response of a Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line to Sodium Butyrate,” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285, no. 5 (2001): 1280–9.
Jho, D. H., Cole, S. M., Lee, E. M., and Espat, N. J., “Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Inflammation and Malignancy,” Integr Cancer Ther 3, no. 2 (2004): 98–111.
Kagan, V. E., Tyurin, V. A., Jiang, J., Tyurina, Y. Y., Ritov, V. B., Amoscato, A. A., Osipov, A. N., Belikova, N. A., Kapralov, A. A., Kini, V., Vlasova, II, Zhao, Q., Zou, M., Di, P., Svistunenko, D. A., Kurnikov, I. V., and Borisenko, G. G., “Cytochrome C Acts as a Cardiolipin Oxygenase Required for Release of Proapoptotic Factors,” Nat Chem Biol 1, no. 4 (2005): 223–32.
Kagan, V. E., Tyurina, Y. Y., Bayir, H., Chu, C. T., Kapralov, A. A., Vlasova, II, Belikova, N. A., Tyurin, V. A., Amoscato, A., Epperly, M., Greenberger, J., Dekosky, S., Shvedova, A. A., and Jiang, J., “The “Pro-Apoptotic Genies” Get out of Mitochondria: Oxidative Lipidomics and Redox Activity of Cytochrome C/Cardiolipin Complexes,” Chem Biol Interact 163, no. 1–2 (2006): 15–28.
Kang, J. X., “Balance of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids Is Important for Health. The Evidence from Gene Transfer Studies,” World Rev Nutr Diet 95 (2005): 93–102.
Kokura, S., Nakagawa, S., Hara, T., Boku, Y., Naito, Y., Yoshida, N., and Yoshikawa, T., “Enhancement of Lipid Peroxidation and of the Antitumor Effect of Hyperthermia Upon Combination with Oral Eicosapentaenoic Acid,” Cancer Lett 185, no. 2 (2002): 139–44.
Kovarikova, M., Pachernik, J., Hofmanova, J., Zadak, Z., and Kozubik, A., “Tnf-Alpha Modulates the Differentiation Induced by Butyrate in the Ht-29 Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line,” Eur J Cancer 36, no. 14 (2000): 1844–52.
Krause, W., and DuBois, R. N., “Eicosanoids and the Large Intestine,” Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 61, no. 3–4 (2000): 145–61.
Kruidenier, L., and Verspaget, H. W., “Antioxidants and Mucosa Protectives: Realistic Therapeutic Options in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?,” Mediators Inflamm 7, no. 3 (1998): 157–62.
Kubes, P., and McCafferty, D. M., “Nitric Oxide and Intestinal Inflammation,” Am J Med 109, no. 2 (2000): 150–8.
Lambeth, J. D., “Nox Enzymes and the Biology of Reactive Oxygen,” Nat Rev Immunol 4, no. 3 (2004): 181–9.
Larsson, S. C., Kumlin, M., Ingelman-Sundberg, M., and Wolk, A., “Dietary Long-Chain N-3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Cancer: A Review of Potential Mechanisms,” Am J Clin Nutr 79, no. 6 (2004): 935–45.
Li, X., Mikkelsen, I. M., Mortensen, B., Winberg, J. O., and Huseby, N. E., “Butyrate Reduces Liver Metastasis of Rat Colon Carcinoma Cells in Vivo and Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Vitro,” Clin Exp Metastasis 21, no. 4 (2004): 331–8.
Lim, K. M., Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. S., and Chung, J. H., “Prostaglandin H Synthase and Lipoxygenase Mediated Activation of Xenobiotics in Platelets,” Adv Exp Med Biol (1999); 469: 631–637.
Los, D. A., and Murata, N., “Membrane Fluidity and Its Roles in the Perception of Environmental Signals,” Biochim Biophys Acta 1666, no. 1–2 (2004): 142–57.
Louis, M., Rosato, R. R., Brault, L., Osbild, S., Battaglia, E., Yang, X. H., Grant, S., and Bagrel, D., “The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Sodium Butyrate Induces Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis through Diverse Cytotoxic Actions Including Glutathione Depletion and Oxidative Stress,” Int J Oncol 25, no. 6 (2004): 1701–11.
Lunn, J., and Theobald, H. E., “The Health Effects of Dietary Unsaturated Fatty Acids,” Nutr Bull 31 (2006): 178–224.
Lupton, J. R., “Is Fiber Protective against Colon Cancer? Where the Research Is Leading Us,” Nutrition 16, no. 7–8 (2000): 558–61.
Lupton, J. R., “Microbial Degradation Products Influence Colon Cancer Risk: The Butyrate Controversy,” J Nutr 134, no. 2 (2004): 479–82.
Lutter, M., Fang, M., Luo, X., Nishijima, M., Xie, X., and Wang, X., “Cardiolipin Provides Specificity for Targeting of Tbid to Mitochondria,” Nat Cell Biol 2, no. 10 (2000): 754–61.
Malins, D. C., Polissar, N. L., and Gunselman, S. J., “Progression of Human Breast Cancers to the Metastatic State Is Linked to Hydroxyl Radical-Induced DNA Damage,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, no. 6 (1996): 2557–63.
Marnett, L. J., “Oxy Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation and DNA Damage,” Toxicology 181–182 (2002): 219–22.
Martin, D. D., Robbins, M. E., Spector, A. A., Wen, B. C., and Hussey, D. H., “The Fatty Acid Composition of Human Gliomas Differs from That Found in Nonmalignant Brain Tissue,” Lipids 31, no. 12 (1996): 1283–8.
Maziere, C., Conte, M. A., Degonville, J., Ali, D., and Maziere, J. C., “Cellular Enrichment with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Induces an Oxidative Stress and Activates the Transcription Factors Ap1 and Nfkappab,” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 265, no. 1 (1999): 116–22.
McCubrey, J. A., LaHair, M. M., and Franklin, R. A., “Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Activation of the Map Kinase Signaling Pathways,” Antioxid Redox Signal 8, no. 9–10 (2006): 1775–89.
McEntee, M. F., and Whelan, J., “Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Colorectal Neoplasia,” Biomed Pharmacother 56, no. 8 (2002): 380–7.
Mei, S., Ho, A. D., and Mahlknecht, U., “Role of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer (Review),” Int J Oncol 25, no. 6 (2004): 1509–19.
Moyad, M. A., “An Introduction to Dietary/Supplemental Omega-3 Fatty Acids for General Health and Prevention: Part II,” Urol Oncol 23, no. 1 (2005): 36–48.
Narayanan, B. A., Narayanan, N. K., Simi, B., and Reddy, B. S., “Modulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Related Proinflammatory Genes by the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in Human Colon Cancer Cells,” Cancer Res 63, no. 5 (2003): 972–9.
Ng, Y., Barhoumi, R., Tjalkens, R. B., Fan, Y. Y., Kolar, S., Wang, N., Lupton, J. R., and Chapkin, R. S., “The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Mediating Mitochondrial Membrane Lipid Oxidation and Apoptosis in Colonocytes,” Carcinogenesis 26, no. 11 (2005): 1914–21.
Nigam, S., and Schewe, T., “Phospholipase a(2) S and Lipid Peroxidation,” Biochim Biophys Acta 1488, no. 1–2 (2000): 167–81.
Niki, E., Yoshida, Y., Saito, Y., and Noguchi, N., “Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms, Inhibition, and Biological Effects,” Biochem Biophys Res Communications 338, no. 1 (2005): 668–76.
Norman, H. A., Butrum, R. R., Feldman, E., Heber, D., Nixon, D., Picciano, M. F., Rivlin, R., Simopoulos, A., Wargovich, M. J., Weisburger, E. K., and Zeisel, S. H., “The Role of Dietary Supplements During Cancer Therapy,” J Nutr 133, no. 11 Suppl 1 (2003): 3794S–99S.
Orrenius, S., Gogvadze, V., and Zhivotovsky, B., “Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cell Death,” Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 47 (2007): 143–83.
Ott, M., Robertson, J. D., Gogvadze, V., Zhivotovsky, B., and Orrenius, S., “Cytochrome C Release from Mitochondria Proceeds by a Two-Step Process,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, no. 3 (2002): 1259–63.
Ott, M., Gogvadze, V., Orrenius, S., and Zhivotovsky, B., “Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Cell Death,” Apoptosis 12, no. 5 (2007a): 913–22.
Ott, M., Zhivotovsky, B., and Orrenius, S., “Role of Cardiolipin in Cytochrome C Release from Mitochondria,” Cell Death Differ 14, no. 7 (2007b): 1243–7.
Petersen, D. R., and Doorn, J. A., “Reactions of 4-Hydroxynonenal with Proteins and Cellular Targets,” Free Radic Biol Med 37, no. 7 (2004): 937–45.
Pohl, J., Ring A., Ehehalt, R., Herrmann, T., and Stremmel, W., “New Concepts of Cellular Fatty Acid Uptake: Role of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins and of Caveolae,” Proc Nutr Soc 63, no. 2 (2004): 259–62.
Pool-Zobel, B. L., Selvaraju, V., Sauer, J., Kautenburger, T., Kiefer, J., Richter, K. K., Soom, M., and Wolfl, S., “Butyrate May Enhance Toxicological Defence in Primary, Adenoma and Tumor Human Colon Cells by Favourably Modulating Expression of Glutathione S-Transferases Genes, an Approach in Nutrigenomics,” Carcinogenesis 26, no. 6 (2005): 1064–76.
Rossary, A., Arab, K., and Steghens, J. P., “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Nox 4 Anion Superoxide Production in Human Fibroblasts,” Biochem J 406 (2007): 77–83.
Rouzer, C. A., and Marnett, L. J., “Mechanism of Free Radical Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Cyclooxygenases,” Chem. Rev. 103, no. 6 (2003): 2239–304.
Roynette, C. E., Calder, P. C., Dupertuis, Y. M., and Pichard, C., “N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Colon Cancer Prevention,” Clin Nutr 23, no. 2 (2004): 139–51.
Rudolph, I. L., Kelley, D. S., Klasing, K. C., and Erickson, K. L., “Regulation of Cellular Differentiation and Apoptosis by Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites,” Nutrition Research 21, no. 1–2 (2001): 381–93.
Ryter, S. W., Kim, H. P., Hoetzel, A., Park, J. W., Nakahira, K., Wang, X., and Choi, A. M. K., “Mechanisms of Cell Death in Oxidative Stress,” Antioxid Redox Signal 9, no. 1 (2007): 49–89.
Sagar, P. S., and Das, U. N., “Gamma-Linoleic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Potentiate the Cytotoxicity of Anti-Cancer Drugs on Human Cervical Carcinoma (Hela) Cells in Vitro.,” Med Sci Res 21 (1993): 457–59.
Salganik, R. I., “The Benefits and Hazards of Antioxidants: Controlling Apoptosis and Other Protective Mechanisms in Cancer Patients and the Human Population,” J Am Coll Nutr 20, no. 5 Suppl (2001): 464S–72S; discussion 73S–75S.
Sanders, L. M., Henderson, C. E., Hong, M. Y., Barhoumi, R., Burghardt, R. C., Carroll, R. J., Turner, N. D., Chapkin, R. S., and Lupton, J. R., “Pro-Oxidant Environment of the Colon Compared to the Small Intestine May Contribute to Greater Cancer Susceptibility,” Cancer Lett 208, no. 2 (2004a): 155–61.
Sanders, L. M., Henderson, C. E., Hong, M. Y., Barhoumi, R., Burghardt, R. C., Wang, N., Spinka, C. M., Carroll, R. J., Turner, N. D., Chapkin, R. S., and Lupton, J. R., “An Increase in Reactive Oxygen Species by Dietary Fish Oil Coupled with the Attenuation of Antioxidant Defenses by Dietary Pectin Enhances Rat Colonocyte Apoptosis,” J Nutr 134, no. 12 (2004b): 3233–8.
Sauer, L. A., Blask, D. E., and Dauchy, R. T., “Dietary Factors and Growth and Metabolism in Experimental Tumors,” J Nutr Biochem (2007) Oct; 18(10): 637–649. Epub 2007 Apr 5.
Seidner, D. L., Lashner, B. A., Brzezinski, A., Banks, P. L., Goldblum, J., Fiocchi, C., Katz, J., Lichtenstein, G. R., Anton, P. A., Kam, L. Y., Garleb, K. A., and Demichele, S. J., “An Oral Supplement Enriched with Fish Oil, Soluble Fiber, and Antioxidants for Corticosteroid Sparing in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3, no. 4 (2005): 358–69.
Sengupta, S., Muir, J. G., and Gibson, P. R., “Does Butyrate Protect from Colorectal Cancer?,” J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21, no. 1 Pt 2 (2006): 209–18.
Seo, J., Barhoumi, R., Johnson, A. E., Lupton, J. R., and Chapkin, R. S., “Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Inhibits Plasma Membrane Targeting of Lipidated Proteins,” Faseb J 20, no. 6 (2006): 770–2.
Serhan, C. N., “Novel Omega – 3-Derived Local Mediators in Anti-Inflammation and Resolution,” Pharmacol Ther 105, no. 1 (2005): 7–21.
Shureiqi, I., Jiang, W., Zuo, X., Wu, Y., Stimmel, J. B., Leesnitzer, L. M., Morris, J. S., Fan, H.-Z., Fischer, S. M., and Lippman, S. M., “The 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Product 13-S-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid Down-Regulates Ppar-{Delta} to Induce Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells,” PNAS 100, no. 17 (2003): 9968–73.
Siddiqui, R. A., Shaikh, S. R., Sech, L. A., Yount, H. R., Stillwell, W., and Zaloga, G. P., “Omega 3-Fatty Acids: Health Benefits and Cellular Mechanisms of Action,” Mini Rev Med Chem 4, no. 8 (2004): 859–71.
Simopoulos, A. P., “The Importance of the Ratio of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids,” Biomed Pharmacother 56, no. 8 (2002): 365–79.
Singh, U., Devaraj, S., and Jialal, I., “Vitamin E, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation,” Annu Rev Nutr 25, no. 1 (2005): 151–74.
Sinicrope, F. A., and Gill, S., “Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer,” Cancer Metastasis Rev 23, no. 1–2 (2004): 63–75.
Skrzydlewska, E., Stankiewicz, A., Sulkowska, M., Sulkowski, S., and Kasacka, I., “Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Colorectal Cancer,” J Toxicol Environ Health A 64, no. 3 (2001): 213–22.
Soberman, R. J., and Christmas, P., “The Organization and Consequences of Eicosanoid Signaling,” J Clin Invest 111, no. 8 (2003): 1107–13.
Spiteller, G., “Do Changes in the Cell Membrane Structure Induce the Generation of Lipid Peroxidation Products Which Serve as First Signalling Molecules in Cell to Cell Communication?,” Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 67, no. 2–3 (2002): 151–62.
Stillwell, W., and Wassall, S. R., “Docosahexaenoic Acid: Membrane Properties of a Unique Fatty Acid,” Chem Phys Lipids 126, no. 1 (2003): 1–27.
Stillwell, W., Shaikh, S. R., Zerouga, M., Siddiqui, R., and Wassall, S. R., “Docosahexaenoic Acid Affects Cell Signaling by Altering Lipid Rafts,” Reprod Nutr Dev 45, no. 5 (2005): 559–79.
Storz, P., “Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Progression,” Front Biosci 10 (2005): 1881–96.
Teitelbaum, J. E., and Allan Walker, W., “Review: The Role of Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Intestinal Inflammation,” J Nutr Biochem 12, no. 1 (2001): 21–32.
Tong, X., Yin, L., Joshi, S., Rosenberg, D. W., and Giardina, C., “Cyclooxygenase-2 Regulation in Colon Cancer Cells: Modulation of Rna Polymerase Ii Elongation by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors,” J Biol Chem 280, no. 16 (2005): 15503–9.
Tournier, C., Whitmarsh, A. J., Cavanagh, J., Barrett, T., and Davis, R. J., “Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 7 Is an Activator of the C-Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, no. 14 (1997): 7337–42.
Triesscheijn, M., Baas, P., Schellens, J. H. M., and Stewart, F. A., “Photodynamic Therapy in Oncology,” Oncologist 11, no. 9 (2006): 1034–44.
Ushio-Fukai, M., “Vegf Signaling through Nadph Oxidase-Derived Ros,” Antioxid Redox Signal 9, no. 6 (2007): 731–39.
Vaculova, A., Hofmanova, J., Andera, L., and Kozubik, A., “Trail and Docosahexaenoic Acid Cooperate to Induce Ht-29 Colon Cancer Cell Death,” Cancer Lett 229, no. 1 (2005): 43–8.
Valko, M., Izakovic, M., Mazur, M., Rhodes, C. J., and Telser, J., “Role of Oxygen Radicals in DNA Damage and Cancer Incidence,” Mol Cell Biochem 266, no. 1 (2004): 37–56.
Valko, M., Rhodes, C. J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., and Mazur, M., “Free Radicals, Metals and Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress-Induced Cancer,” Chem Biol Interact 160, no. 1 (2006): 1–40.
Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Mazur, M., and Telser, J., “Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Normal Physiological Functions and Human Disease,” Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39, no. 1 (2007): 44–84.
Velazquez, O. C., Seto, R. W., and Rombeau, J. L., “The Scientific Rationale and Clinical Application of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols,” Proc Nutr Soc 55, no. 1B (1996): 49–78.
Vlasova, II, Tyurin, V. A., Kapralov, A. A., Kurnikov, I. V., Osipov, A. N., Potapovich, M. V., Stoyanovsky, D. A., and Kagan, V. E., “Nitric Oxide Inhibits Peroxidase Activity of Cytochrome C.Cardiolipin Complex and Blocks Cardiolipin Oxidation,” J Biol Chem 281, no. 21 (2006): 14554–62.
Vogel, C., “Prostaglandin H Synthases and Their Importance in Chemical Toxicity,” Curr Drug Metabol 1, no. 4 (2000): 391–404.
Wada, M., Delong, C. J., Hong, Y. H., Rieke, C. J., Song, I., Sidhu, R. S., Yuan, C., Warnock, M., Schmaier, A. H., Yokoyama, C., Smyth, E. M., Wilson, S. J., Fitzgerald, G. A., Garavito, R. M., Sui, D. X., Regan, J. W., and Smith, W. L., “Enzymes and Receptors of Prostaglandin Pathways with Arachidonic Acid- Vs. Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Derived Substrates and Products,” J Biol Chem, no. 282 (2007): 22254–66.
Waris, G., and Ahsan, H., “Reactive Oxygen Species: Role in the Development of Cancer and Various Chronic Conditions,” J Carcinogen 5, no. 1 (2006): 14.
Watkins, S. M., Carter, L. C., and German, J. B., “Docosahexaenoic Acid Accumulates in Cardiolipin and Enhances Ht-29 Cell Oxidant Production,” J Lipid Res 39, no. 8 (1998): 1583–8.
West, J. D., and Marnett, L. J., “Alterations in Gene Expression Induced by the Lipid Peroxidation Product, 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal,” Chem. Res. Toxicol. 18, no. 11 (2005): 1642–53.
Weylandt, K. H., and Kang, J. X., “Rethinking Lipid Mediators,” Lancet 366, no. 9486 (2005): 618–20.
Wiese, F. W., Thompson, P. A., and Kadlubar, F. F., “Carcinogen Substrate Specificity of Human Cox-1 and Cox-2,” Carcinogenesis 22, no. 1 (2001): 5–10.
Wu, W.-S., “The Signaling Mechanism of Ros in Tumor Progression,” Cancer Metastasis Rev 25, no. 4 (2006): 695–705.
Xia, S., Lu, Y., Wang, J., He, C., Hong, S., Serhan, C. N., and Kang, J. X., “Melanoma Growth Is Reduced in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice: Impact of Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids,” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, no. 33 (2006): 12499–504.
Yam, D., Peled, A., and Shinitzky, M., “Suppression of Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Dietary Fish Oil Combined with Vitamins E and C and Cisplatin,” Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 47, no. 1 (2001): 34–40.
Zuo, X., Wu, Y., Morris, J. S., Stimmel, J. B., Leesnitzer, L. M., Fischer, S. M., Lippman, S. M., and Shureiqi, I., “Oxidative Metabolism of Linoleic Acid Modulates Ppar-Beta/Delta Suppression of Ppar-Gamma Activity,” Oncogene 25, no. 8 (2006): 1225–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hofmanová, J., Souček, K., Vaculová, A., Kozubík, A. (2008). Fatty Acids in the Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Balance in Cancer. In: Valacchi, G., Davis, P.A. (eds) Oxidants in Biology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8399-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8399-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8398-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8399-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)