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Breast Cancer Risk in Women with Abnormal Cytology in Nipple Aspirate Fluid

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Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis

Part of the book series: Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis ((HAYAT,volume 1))

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Fear of developing breast cancer is well-founded among women. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women ages 20–59 years of age, and the second-leading cause of death in women over 50 years of age (Jemal et al., 2005). Approximately 40,000 women will die of this disease in the United States this year. Refining the science of breast cancer risk assessment has become more important with the development of medications to reduce breast cancer risk, the addition of expensive imaging (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and prophylactic surgery (Hollingsworth et al., 2002; Saslow et al., 2007). A standardized algorithm for breast cancer risk assessment is not available at this time in the clinical setting. Women are categorized as either having possible genetic or hereditary risk, or as having risk factors unrelated to a family history of breast cancer. Genetic testing is limited as a risk assessment tool, as only a small percentage of women carry known genetic mutations which result in an increased risk of breast cancer development. Mathematical models (i.e., Gail index) calculate probabilities of developing breast cancer during specified periods of time; however, the factors included in the models contribute a relatively small degree of risk for the eventual development of breast cancer. Hollingsworth et al. (2002) suggested that tissue or serum-based strategies should be the next step in refining risk assessment, considering that 70% of women who develop breast cancer have no identifiable risk factors.

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  1. University of California, Box 0610, 2 Koret Way, Nursing 631, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610

    Kimberly Baltzell, Dixie Mills, Britt-Marie Ljung, Susan Love & Margaret Wrensch

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  1. Kimberly Baltzell
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  2. Dixie Mills
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  3. Britt-Marie Ljung
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  4. Susan Love
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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA

    M. A. Hayat

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Baltzell, K., Mills, D., Ljung, BM., Love, S., Wrensch, M. (2008). Breast Cancer Risk in Women with Abnormal Cytology in Nipple Aspirate Fluid. In: Hayat, M.A. (eds) Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8369-3_16

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