Most of pine trees do not reproduce naturally from sprouts. Reproduction from artificially rooted propagules of pines has been proved as a successful reproduction method in several countries. This leads us to two different ways to obtain artificial reproduction. Hedging method is used for mass-producing large number of symmetrical and straight cuttings and for maintaining the juvenile nature of propagules (Libby et al., 1972). It has been widely used in breeding programs of plant species for preservation and multiplication of the desired genotypes to establish seed orchards. In this technique we include micrografting which is useful to rejuvenate adult material (Fraga et al., 2002b). Plantlet regeneration from embryos and cotyledons is another approach (Aitken-Christie et al., 1981), it has a great potential for forest tree multiplication compared to other alternative techniques, such as cutting propagation. In this chapter we describe protocols for in vitro micropropagation of selected Pinus species like radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) and caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Mor).
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Rodríguez, R. et al. (2007). Propagation of Selected Pinus Genotypes Regardless of Age. In: Jain, S.M., Häggman, H. (eds) Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6352-7_13
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