Skip to main content

Chemical Contamination and the Autopsy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Essentials of Autopsy Practice

Abstract

Due to the infectious disease process, the handling of bodies infected by biological agents is fundamentally different to the handling of those exposed to chemical or radiation agents. A “contaminated fatality” is a body (or body part) that has usually been contaminated with a chemical, although more rarely contamination could be from biological or radiological agents. Individuals who are required to undertake postmortems, examine, or otherwise identify or handle these corpses should be aware of the risks of secondary contamination and take adequate precautions to prevent any unnecessary exposure to the chemical(s) causing the contamination or its by-products from reaction in the body.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Personal communication.

References

  1. Department of Health. Facilities for mortuary and post-mortem room services. Health building note, vol. 20. 3rd ed. London: The Stationery Office; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Health and Safety Executive. Safe working and the prevention of infection in the mortuary and post-mortem room. 2003. ISBN 0-11-885448-8. Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/mortuary-infection.pdf. Accessed 22/03/2012.

  3. Edkins E, Murray V. Management of chemically contaminated bodies. J Royal Soc Med. 2005;98:141–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Burton JL. Health and safety at autopsy. J Clin Pathol. 2003;56:254–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Environmental outlook for the chemicals industry. 2001. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/45/2375538.pdf. Accessed 22/03/2012.

  6. Camidge DR, Wood RJ, Bateman DN. The epidemiology of self-poisoning in the UK. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;56:613–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bateman N. The epidemiology of poisoning. Medicine. 2007;35(10):537–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Truscott A. Suicide fad threatens neighbours, rescuers. CMAJ. 2008;179:312–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Morri D, Miyagatani Y, Nakamae N, Murao M, Taniyama K. Japanese experience of hydrogen sulphide: the suicide craze in 2008. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010;5:28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Office for National Statistics (ONS) Suicide rates in the United Kingdom. 2006–2010. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/subnational-health4/suicides-in-the-united-kingdom/2010/stb-statistical-bulletin.html. Accessed 18/04/2012.

  11. ONS. Suicide rates in the United Kingdom. 2000–2009.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Reedy SJ, Schwartz MD, Morgan BW. Suicide fads: frequency and characteristics of hydrogen sulphide suicides in the United States. West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(3):300–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Eddleston M. Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in the developing world. Q J Med. 2000;93:715–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gilson T, Parks B, Porterfield C. Suicide with inert gases: addendum to final exit. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2003;24(3):306–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu KY, Beautrais A, Caine E, Chan K, Chao A, Conwell Y, Law C, Lee D, Li P, Yip P. Charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong and urban Taiwan: an illustration of the impact of a novel suicide method on overall regional rates. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(3):248–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Biddle L, Donovan J, Hawton K, Kapur N, Gunnell D. Suicide and the internet. BMJ. 2008;336:800–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Versey MJ, Kamanyire R, Volans GN. Antifreeze poisonings give more insight into copycat behaviour [letter]. BMJ. 1999;319(7212):1131.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rutty G. The first human fatality investigated using the CR1personal protective equipment. Chem Hazards Poisons Rep. 2007;10:7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Christia-Lotter A, Bartoli C, Piercecchi-Marti MD, et al. Fatal occupational inhalation of hydrogen sulphide. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;169:206–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Adkins E, Murray V. Draft proposals for the management of the chemically contaminated dead. Chem Hazards Poisons Rep. 2004;1:19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  21. O’Connell E, Chow Y, Keshishian C, McCloskey B, Chilcott R, Grynzpan D, Murray V. Casualties from acute poisoning and the potential for secondary contamination. http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1274091561553.

  22. Baselt RC. Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man. 6th ed. Foster City: Biomedical Publications; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for cyanide. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 2006. Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8.pdf. Accessed 18/04/2012.

  24. Andrews JM, Sweeney ES, Grey TC, et al. The biohazard potential of cyanide poisoning during post-mortem examination. JFSCA. 1989;34(5):1280–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Graham DL, Laman D, Theodore J. Acute cyanide poisoning complicated by lactic acidosis and pulmonary edema. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:1051–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Musshoff F, Schmidt P, Daldrup T, et al. Cyanide fatalities: case studies of four suicides and one homicide. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2002;23(4):315–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Forrest ARW, Galloway JH, Slater DN. The cyanide autopsy: appraisal of risk factors. J Clin Pathol. 1992;45:544–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nolte KB, Dasgupta A. Prevention of occupational cyanide exposure in autopsy prosectors. JFSCA. 1996;41(1):146–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. McAllister JA, Roby RJ. Stability of cyanide in cadavers and in postmortem stored tissue specimens: a review. J Anal Toxicol. 2008;32:612–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Maebashi K, Iwadate K, Sakai K, et al. Toxicological analysis of 17 autopsy cases of hydrogen sulphide poisoning from the inhalation of intentionally generated hydrogen sulphide gas. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;207:91–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for hydrogen sulfide. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 2006. Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp114.pdf. Accessed 18/04/2012.

  32. Bumbrah GS, Krishan K, Kanchan T, et al. Phosphide poisoning: a review of literature. Forensic Sci Int. 2011. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.018.

  33. Proudfoot AT. Aluminium and zinc phosphide poisoning. Clin Toxicol. 2009;47(2):89–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Singh S, Singh D, Wig N, et al. Aluminium phosphide ingestion – a clinicopathological study. Clin Toxicol. 1996;34:703–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Medical Management Guidelines for Phosphine. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 2006. Available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=1013&tid=214. Accessed 18/04/2012.

  36. Nocera A, Levitin HW, Hilton JMN. Dangerous bodies: a case of fatal aluminium phosphide poisoning. Med J Aust. 2000;173:133–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Christophers AJ, Singh S, Goddard DG. Dangerous bodies: a case of fatal aluminium phosphide poisoning. Med J Aust. 2002;176(8):403.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Anger F, Paysant F, Brousse F, Le Normand I, Develay P, Gaillard Y, Baert A, Le Gueut MA, Pepin G, Anger JP. Fatal aluminum phosphide poisoning. J Anal Toxicol. 2000;24(2):90–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jayaraman KS. Death pills from pesticide. Nature. 1991;353:377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Jain AK, Nigam M, Garg SD, Dubey BP, Arora A. Aluminium phosphide poisoning autopsy findings. JIAFM. 2005;27(1):35–9.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Geller RJ, Sigleton KL, Tarantino ML. Nosocomial poisoning associated with emergency department treatment of organophosphate toxicity. MMWR. 2001;49(51):1156–8.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Stacey R, Morfey D, Payne S. Secondary contamination in organophosphate poisoning: analysis of an incident. Q J Med. 2004;97:75–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nozaki H, Hori S, Shinozawa Y, et al. Secondary exposure of medical staff to sarin vapour in the emergency room. Intensive Care Med. 1995;21:1032–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Roberts D, Senarathna L. Secondary contamination in organophosphate poisoning. Q J Med. 2004;97:697–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robie Kamanyire M.Sc. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kamanyire, R., Kar-Purkayastha, I., Murray, V. (2013). Chemical Contamination and the Autopsy. In: Rutty, G. (eds) Essentials of Autopsy Practice. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-519-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-519-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-518-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-85729-519-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics