Abstract
Integrated electronic systems have advanced in complexity at an exponential rate during the last four decades, as measured by the number of transistors on a single silicon chip [1, 2]. This growth, which had major implications on economy and society, was enabled by continuous miniaturization of transistor devices and the metallic wire structures used for making interconnections among them. In recent technology generations, as a result of the scaling down of all device and wire dimensions, the interconnect structures have become dominant limiters of system performance, power, and cost [3].
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Kolodny, A. (2009). Interconnects in ULSI Systems: Cu Interconnects Electrical Performance. In: Shacham-Diamand, Y., Osaka , T., Datta, M., Ohba, T. (eds) Advanced Nanoscale ULSI Interconnects: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95868-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95868-2_3
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