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Basic Principles of Cancer Genetics

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Principles of Clinical Cancer Genetics

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Abstract

Cancer results from the stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations within a cell. These alterations lead to abnormal proliferation and clonal expansion, and ultimately to invasion of surrounding tissues and metastasis to distant sites. Genetic abnormalities providing a selective advantage are maintained and ultimately become dominant within the population. The accumulation of genetic abnormalities, which in most cases occurs over a period of years, underlies both the process of tumorigenesis (the transition from normal cells to invasive cancer) and tumor progression (the transition to a metastatic and often treatment-resistant cancer). Histologic correlates of the process of tumorigenesis are recognized in a subset of cancers (e.g., colon and bladder cancers), whereas for others such cancer-precursor lesions have not been identified. Dozens of genes involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression have now been identified. The products of these genes regulate key cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival, cellular motility and differentiation, and the establishment of cellular immortality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Leif W. Ellisen

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  1. Leif W. Ellisen
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  2. Daniel A. Haber
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Correspondence to Leif W. Ellisen .

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  1. Cancer Center and Gastrointestinal Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA

    Daniel C. Chung

  2. Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School and, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA

    Daniel A. Haber

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Ellisen, L.W., Haber, D.A. (2010). Basic Principles of Cancer Genetics. In: Chung, D., Haber, D. (eds) Principles of Clinical Cancer Genetics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93846-2_1

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