Abstract
The detection and localization of inflammation and infection with nuclear medicine techniques has been studied for nearly half a century. The most commonly performed procedures are bone (for osteomyelitis),67Ga citrate, and in vitro labeled leukocyte imaging. PET imaging with 18F-FDG also has proved to be useful, and its role in imaging inflammation and infection will undoubtedly increase in the future. Radiotracers, regardless of whether they are single photon or positron-emitting agents, primarily reflect function; only gross anatomic details can be inferred from radionuclide images. The fine anatomic detail that can be critical to differentiating physiologic from pathologic processes often is lacking. Integrating radionuclide and anatomic images can significantly improve diagnostic confidence and test accuracy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bunyaviroch T, Aggarwal A, Oates ME. Optimized scintigraphic evaluation of infection and inflammation: role of single-photon emission computed tomography/computerized tomography fusion imaging. Sem Nucl Med 2006; 36:295–311.
Palestro CJ, Love C. Radionuclide imaging of musculoskeletal infection: coventional agents. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2007;11:335–352.
Love C, Palestro CJ. Radionuclide imaging of infection. J Nucl Med Tech 2004;32:47–57.
Love C, Tomas MB, Tronco GG, Palestro CJ. Imaging infection and inflammation with 18F-FDG-PET. RadioGraphics 2005;25:1357–1368.
Vos FJ, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Corstens FH, Kullberg BJ, Oyen WJ.FDG-PET for imaging of non-osseous infection and inflammation. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imag 2006;50:121–130.
Strobel K, Stumpe KD. PET/CT in musculoskeletal infection. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2007;11:353–364.
Bleeker-Rovers CP, Vos FJ, Corstens FH, Oyen WJ. Imaging of infectious diseases using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008;52:17–29.
Bar-Shalom R, Yefremov N, Guralnik L, Keidar Z, Engel A, Nitecki S, Israel O. SPECT/CT using 67Ga and 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for diagnosis of infection. J Nucl Med 2006; 47:587–594.
Moschilla G, Thompson J, Turner JH. Co-registered Gallium-67 SPECT/CT imaging in the diagnosis of infection and monitoring treatment. World J Nucl Med 2006; 5:32–39.
Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, Storek D, Vonthein R, Claussen CD, Bares R. Added value of SPECT/CT in patients suspected of having bone infection: preliminary results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2007;127:211–221.
Filippi L, Schillaci O. Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J Nucl Med 2006;47:1908–1913.
Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, Storek D, Vonthein R, Dammann F, Claussen CD, Bares R. The value of SPET/CT in chronic osteomyelitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1665–1673.
Höpfner S, Krolak C, Kessler S, Tiling R, Brinkbäumer K, Hahn K, Dresel S. Preoperative imaging of Charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetic patients: comparison of ring PET, hybrid PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Foot Ankle Int 2004;25:890–895.
Schwegler B, Stumpe KD, Weishaupt D, Strobel K, Spinas GA, von Schulthess GK, Hodler J, Böni T, Donath MY. Unsuspected osteomyelitis is frequent in persistent diabetic foot ulcer and better diagnosed by MRI than by 18F-FDG PET or 99mTc-MOAB. J Intern Med 2008;263:99–106.
Keidar Z, Militianu D, Melamed E, Bar-Shalom R, Israel O. The diabetic foot: initial experience with 18F-FDG-PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2005;46:444–449.
Keidar Z, Engel A, Nitecki S, Bar SR, Hoffman A, Israel O. PET/CT using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose for the evaluation of suspected infected vascular graft. Mol Imaging Biol 2003;5:23–25.
Fukuchi K, Ishida Y, Higashi M, Tsunekawa T, Ogino H, Minatoya K, Kiso K, Naito H. Detection of aortic graft infection by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: comparison with computed tomographic findings. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:919–925.
Keidar Z, Engel A, Hoffman A, Israel O, Nitecki S. Prosthetic vascular graft infection: the role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2007; 48:1230–1236.
Lorenzen J, Buchert R, Bohuslavizki KH. Value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin. Nucl Med Commun 2001;22:779–783.
Blockmans D, Knockaert D, Maes A. De Caestecker J, Stroobants S, Bobbaers H, Mortelmans L. Clinical Value of [18 F]fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for patients with fever of unknown origin. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:191–196.
Meller J, Altenvoerde G, Munzel U, Jauho A, Behe M, Gratz S, Luig H, Becker W. Fever of unknown origin: prospective comparison of [18F]FDG imaging with a double-head coincidence camera and 67Ga citrate SPET. Eur J Nucl Med 2000;27:1617–1625.
Bleeker-Rovers CP, de Kleijn EMHA, Corstens FHM, van der Meer JWM, Oyen WJG. Clinical Value of FDG PET in patients with fever of unknown origin and patients suspected of focal infection or inflammation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31:29–37.
Bleeker-Rovers CP, Vos FJ, de Kleijn EM, Mudde AH, Dofferhoff TS, Richter C, Smilde TJ, Krabbe PF, Oyen WJ, van der Meer JW. A prospective multicenter study on fever of unknown origin: the yield of a structured diagnostic protocol. Medicine 2007;86:26–38.
Zhuang H, Sam JW, Chacko TK, Duarte PS, Hickeson M, Feng Q, Nakhoda KZ, Guan L, Reich P, Altimari SM, Alavi A. Rapid normalization of osseous FDG uptake following traumatic or surgical fractures. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003;30:1096–1103.
De Winter F, Van de Wiele C, Vogelaers D, De Smet K, Verdonk R, Dierckx RA. Flourine –18 flourodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography: a highly accurate imaging modality for the diagnosis of chronic musculoskeletal infections. J Bone Joint Surg 2001;83-A:651–660.
Guhlmann A, Brecht-Krauss D, Suger G, Glatting G, Kotzerke J, Kinzl L, Reske SN.Chronic osteomyelitis: detection with FDG PET and correlation with histopathologic findings. Radiology 1998;206:749–754.
Hartmann A, Eid K, Dora C, Trentz O, von Schulthess GK, Stumpe KDM. Diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in trauma patients with suspected chronic osteomyelitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007;34:704–714.
Palestro CJ, Love C, Miller TT. Imaging of musculoskeletal infections. Best Practice & Research. Clin Rheumatol 2006;20:1197–1218.
Stumpe KD, Zanetti M, Weishaupt D, Hodler J, Boos N, von Schulthess GK. FDG positron emission tomography for differentiation of degenerative and infectious endplate abnormalities in the lumbar spine detected on MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179:1151–1157.
Gratz S, Dorner J, Fischer U, Behr TM, Béhé M, Altenvoerde G, Meller J, Grabbe E, Becker W.18F-FDG hybrid PET in patients with suspected spondylitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002; 29:516–524.
De Winter F, Gemmel F, Van de Wiele C, Poffijn B, Uyttendaele D, Dierckx R. 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of infection in the postoperative spine. Spine 2003;28:1314–1319.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Palestro, C.J., Keidar, Z., Love, C. (2010). Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. In: Delbeke, D., Israel, O. (eds) Hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92820-3_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92820-3_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-92819-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-92820-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)