Abstract
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Define congestive heart failure (CHF). Classify the epidemiology of CHF. Understand the morbidity and mortality statistics of CHF. Recognize the signs and symptoms of CHF. Know the major treatment algorithms of CHF. Understand the pharmacology and pathophysiology behind the treatment regimens. Understand the limitations of the treatment regimens.
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References
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Additional Reading
Practice Guideline: Focused Update 2009 Focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults. A report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2009;119:1977-2016.
ACC/AHA Task Force Report. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1376-1398.
Cohn JN, Archibald DG, Ziesche S, et al. Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med. 1986;314:1547-1552.
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Tresch DD, McGough MF. Heart failure with normal systolic function. A common disorder in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43:1035-1042.
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Mather, P.J., D’Alonzo, G.E. (2010). Heart Failure. In: Criner, G., Barnette, R., D'Alonzo, G. (eds) Critical Care Study Guide. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_18
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_18
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