Juvenile violence came into national focus during the school shootings in the 1990s. These school shootings were a wake-up call regarding the impact of violence. Shock, fear, and a desire to understand have resulted in increased awareness and numerous publications regarding this important topic. School-based risk factors and school-based protective factors have been identified which may help in the prevention of problems and in the early identification of problems and those risk factors that maintain and increase problems.
Soriano (1999) has pointed out that antisocial behavior is surging. It was estimated that 160,000 students miss school everyday in the United States because of bullying and threats. The National Association of School Psychologists (2002) has reported that bullying is the most common form of violence in our society, identifying that between 15 and 30% of students are either bullies or victims. Hoover et al. (1992) found that up to 75% of students surveyed reported being victimized and 1 out of 7 students had suffered severe trauma as a result. Nansel et al. (2001) reports that ~3.7 million youth engage in bullying and 3.2 million are victims of moderate to severe bullying. From 1994 to 1998 there were 188 violent deaths on or near school grounds (Thornton et al., 2001). Over two thirds of students believe that schools respond poorly to bullying with a high percentage of students believing that adult help is infrequent. Clearly, bullying behavior is not caused by one factor but involves personality, family, school, community, and peer group factors (Hoover et al., 1992).
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Veltkamp, L.J., Lawson, A. (2008). Impact of Trauma in School Violence on the Victim and the Perpetrator: A Mental Health Perspective. In: Miller, T.W. (eds) School Violence and Primary Prevention. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77119-9_9
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