Abstract
The core stage was designed jointly by NPO Energiya in Kaliningrad and its Volga Branch in Kuybyshev, with manufacturing taking place at the Progress factory in Kuybyshev. With a length of 58.7 m and a maximum diameter of 7.75 m, it was the backbone of the Energiya—Buran stack, providing structural support for attachment with the strap-on boosters and orbiter. It was very similar in design to the Space Shuttle’s External Tank (ET), with the exception of a tail section housing the engine compartment. The core stage was made up of an upper liquid oxygen (LOX) tank, an unpressurized intertank, a lower liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank, and a tail section containing the four RD-0120 engines. The wet mass was 776 tons.
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References
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(2007). Systems and scenarios. In: Energiya—Buran. Springer Praxis Books. Praxis. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73984-7_3
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