This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burney, D. A., Burney, L. P., Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., Goodman, S. M., Wright, H. T., and Jull, A. J. T. (2004). A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar. J. Hum. Evol. 47: 25–63.
Burney, D. A., MacPhee, R. D. E., Dewar, R. E., Wells, N. A., Andriamanantena, E. H., and Vuillaume-Randriamanantena, M. (1987). L’environment au cours de l’Holocene et la disparition de la megafaune a Madagascar: Quel rapport avec la conservation de la nature? In: Mittermeier, R. (ed.), Proceedings of the IUCN/SCC Symposium on Species Conservation Priorities in Madagascar, Antananrivo: Occasional Papers, IUCN Species Survival Commission, pp. 137–143.
Conroy, G. C. (1987). Problems of body-weight estimation in fossil primates. Int. J. Primatol. 8: 115–137.
Delson, E., Terranova, C. J., Jungers, W. L., Sargis, E. J., Jablonski, N. G., and Dechow, P. C. (2000). Body mass in Cercopithecidae (Primates, Mammalia): Estimation and scaling in extinct and extant taxa. Anthropol. Pap. Am. Mus. 83: 1–159.
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Phylogeneies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125: 1–15.
Fleagle, J. G. (1988). Primate Adaptation and Evolution. First Edition, Academic Press, New York.
Giles, E. and Klepinger, L. L. (1988). Confidence intervals doe estimates based on linear regression in forensic anthropology. J. Forensic. Sci. 33: 1218–1222.
Gingerich, P. D. (1996). Comment on R. J. Smith’s “Biology and body size in human evolution.” Curr. Anthropol. 37: 464–465.
Gingerich, P. D., Smith, B. H., and Rosenberg, K. (1982). Allometric scaling in the dentition of primates and predictions of body weight from tooth size in fossils. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 58: 81–100.
Godfrey, L. R. and Jungers, W. L. (2002). Quaternary fossil lemurs. In: Hartwig, W. C. (ed.), The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 97–121.
Godfrey, L. R. and Jungers, W. L. (2003). The extinct sloth lemurs of Madagascar. Evol. Anthropol. 12: 252–263.
Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., Reed, K. E., Simons, E. L., and Chatrath, P. S. (1997a). Subfossil lemurs: Inferences about past and present primate communities. In: Goodman, S. M. and Patterson, B. D. (eds.), Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 218–256.
Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., and Schwartz, G. T. (2006). Ecology and extinction of Madagascar’s subfossil lemurs. In: Gould, L. and Sauther, M. L. (eds.), Lemurs: Ecology and Adaptation. Springer, New York, pp. 41–65.
Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., Wunderlich, R. E. and Richmond, B. G. (1997b). Reappraisal of the postcranium of Hadropithecus (Primates, Indroidea). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 103: 529–556.
Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., Simons, E. L., and Chatrath, P. S. (1999). Past and present distributions of lemurs in Madagascar. In: Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ganzhorn, J. U., and Goodman, S. M. (eds.), New Directions in Lemur Studies. Kluwer Academic / Plenum, New York, pp. 19–53.
Godfrey, L. R., Jungers, W. L., Schwartz, G. T., and Irwin, M. T. (2008). Ghosts and orphans: Madagascar’s vanishing ecosystems. In: Fleagle, J. G. and Gilbert, C. C. (eds.), Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins. Springer, New York, pp. 361–396.
Godfrey, L. R., Petto, A. J., and Sutherland, M. R. (2002). Dental ontogeny and life-history strategies: The case of the giant extinct indroids of Madagascar. In: Plavcan, J. M., Kay, R. F., Jungers, W. L., and van Schaik, C. P. (eds.), Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 113–157.
Godfrey, L. R., Sutherland, M. R., Paine, R. R., Williams, F. L., Boy, D. S., and Vuillaume-Randriamanantena, M. (1995). Limb joint surface areas and their ratios in Malagasy lemurs and other mammals. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 97: 11–36.
Hylander, W. L. (1985). Mandibular function and biomechanical stress and scaling. Am. Zool. 25: 315–330.
Jolly, C. J. (1970). Hadropithecus: A lemuroid small-object feeder. Man 5: 619–626.
Jungers, W. L. (1978). The functional significance of skeletal allometry in Megaladapis in comparison to living prosimians. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 49: 303–314.
Jungers, W. L. (1990). Problems and methods in reconstructing body size in fossil primates. In: Damuth, J. and MacFadden, B. J. (eds.), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 103–118.
Jungers, W. L., Godfrey, L. R., Simons, E. L., Wunderlich, R. E., Richmond, B. G., and Chatrath, P. S. (2002). Ecomorphology and behavior of giant extinct lemurs from Madagascar. In: Plavcan, J. M., Kay, R. F., Jungers, W. L., and van Schaik, C. P. (eds.), Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 371–411.
Kappelman, J. (1996). The evolution of body mass and relative brain size in fossil hominids. J. Hum. Evol. 30: 243–276.
Karanth, K. P., Delefosse, T., Rakotosamimanana, B., Parsons, T. J., and Yoder, A. D. (2005). Ancient DNA from giant extinct lemurs confirms single origin of Malagasy primates. P. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 102: 5090–5095.
Kurten, B. (1971). The Age of Mammals. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
Lamberton, C. (1934). Contribution a la connaissance de la faune subfossile de Madagascar. L’Archaeoindris fontoynontii Stand. Mem. Acad. Malgache 17: 9–39.
Lavauden, L. (1931). Animaux disparus et legendaires de Madagascar. Rev. Scientifique 10: 297–308.
Martin, R. D. (1990). Primate Origins and Evolution. A Phylogenetic Reconstruction. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Ohman, J. C. (1993) Computer software for estimating cross-sectional geometric properties of long bones with concentric and eccentric elliptical models. J. Hum. Evol. 25: 217–227.
Pagel, M. (1993). Seeking the evolutionary regression coefficient: A analysis of what comparative methods measure. J. Theor. Biol. 164: 191–205.
Polk, J. D., Demes, B., Jungers, W. L., Biknevicius, A. R., Heinrich, R. E., and Runested, J. A. (2000). A comparison of primate, carnivoran and rodent limb bone cross- sectional properties: are primates really unique? J. Hum. Evol. 39: 293–325.
Radinsky, L. B. (1970). The fossil evidence of prosimian brain evolution. In: Noback, C. R. and Montagna, W. (eds.), The Primate Brain. Advances in Primatology – Volume 1. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp. 209–224.
Rohlf, F. J. (2001). Comparative methods for the analysis of continuous variables: Geometric interpretation. Evolution 55: 2143–2160.
Rohlf, F. J. (2006). A comment on phylogenetic correction. Evolution 60: 1509–1515.
Ruff, C. B. (1990). Body mass and hindlimb cross-sectional and articular dimensions in anthropid primates. In: Damuth, J. and MacFadden, B. J. (eds.), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 119–149.
Ruff, C. B. (2003). Long bone articular and diaphyseal structure in Old World monkeys and apes. II. Estimation of body mass. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 120: 16–37.
Simons, E. L. (1972). Primate Evolution: An Introduction to Man’s Place in Nature. MacMillan, New York.
Smith, R. J. (1993). Logarithmic transformation bias in allometry. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90: 215–228.
Smith, R. J. (1996). Biology and body size in human evolution. Curr. Anthropol. 37:451–481.
Smith, R. J. (2005). Species recognition in paleoanthropology: implications of small sample sizes. In: Lieberman, D. E., Smith, R. J. and Kelley, J. (eds.), Interpreting the Past: Essays on Human, Primate and Mammal Evolution. Brill Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 207–219.
Smith, R. J. and Jungers, W. L. (1997). Body mass in comparative primatology. J. Hum. Evol. 32: 523–559.
Villette, T. (1911). Proces-verbal de la séance en 22 septembre 1910. Bull. Acad. Malgache [anc. ser.] 8: 18–19.
Vinyard, C. J. and Hanna, J. (2005). Molar scaling in strepsirrhine primates. J. Hum. Evol. 49: 241–269.
Vuillaume-Randriamanantena, M. (1988). The taxonomic attributions of giant subfossil lemur bones from Ampasambazimba: Archaeoindris and Lemuridotherium. J. Hum. Evol. 17: 379–391.
Walker, A. (2002). Looking for lemurs on the great red island. In: Bowen, T. (ed.), Back Country Pilot: Flying Adventures with Ike Russell, The Univeristy of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 99–104.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jungers, W.L., Demes, B., Godfrey, L.R. (2008). How Big were the “Giant” Extinct Lemurs of Madagascar?. In: Fleagle, J.G., Gilbert, C.C. (eds) Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73896-3_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73896-3_23
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-73895-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-73896-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)