Abstract
Most of the disturbances of attention discussed earlier in the book occur primarily among adults secondary to neurological or medical diseases or injury that affect the brain. Major psychiatric disturbances, such as major depression and schizophrenia, likely reflect phenotypic variations in brain development and development but also typically occur as full-blown disorders when people reach adulthood. There are actually many cases of acquired attention disturbance among children suffering from congenital or chronic medical disease. For example, children with heart defects often experience attention disturbances for many of the same reasons that adults do [1–6]. Attention disturbances also occur in children as the result of certain cancers and their treatment with radiation and chemotherapy [7–17]. The functional impact of these childhood conditions is often substantial since they occur against the backdrop of the developing brain. While devastating for the children who experience these illnesses, they are relatively uncommon, as only a small percentage of children in the population experience these conditions, compared to the relatively high relevance of brain disturbances arising from stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other medical conditions in older adults. Yet, attention deficit disorder (ADD) is among the most commonly diagnosed childhood disorder, occurring in approximately 10 % of school-age children in this country [18]. The assessment and treatment of ADD has become a major focus of child psychiatry. There are now thousands of published studies on ADD and a number of excellent texts on the subject, including Russell Barkley’s “Attention Deficit Disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment” [19] and the NICE guidelines [20], as well as several books that address the clinical neuroscience of ADD [21] and cognitive development [22]. In this chapter section, an overview of the normal development of attention and neuropsychological considerations regarding ADD will be provided.
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Cohen, R.A. (2014). Developmental Disorders of Attention. In: The Neuropsychology of Attention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72639-7_18
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