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The Neuropsychology of Attention pp 491–523Cite as

Medical Disorders and Behavioral Risk Factors

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Abstract

Neurological disorders that directly affect brain structure and function have been the primary subject of neuropsychological inquiry. Yet, over the past 2 decades, there has been growing awareness that cognitive and behavioral problems also often arise secondary to systemic medical conditions that are not neurological disorders per se. The effect of systemic medical disease on brain function has been the subject of increasing interest, as people are living longer, though often with chronic health problems. There has been increased realization that many medical conditions, though of systemic origin, eventually affect the brain. Attention and processing speed are among the cognitive functions most commonly impacted by systemic medical disease. Consideration of all of the medical disorders that affect attention is beyond the scope of this book. We will consider several conditions: cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and other metabolic disorders, human immunological virus (HIV), and chemotherapy effects in the treatment of cancer. These particular disorders were selected to discuss as they serve to illustrate attentional disturbances associated with common medical conditions and in the case of HIV and CVD, because they have been the subject of considerable inquiry by my research group. These disturbances result from different pathological mechanisms, including chronic vascular and metabolic disturbances, viral effects, and iatrogenic treatments effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Aging, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Ronald A. Cohen PhD, ABPP, ABCN (Professor, Director, Adjunct Professor)

  2. Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Ronald A. Cohen PhD, ABPP, ABCN (Professor, Director, Adjunct Professor)

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Ronald A. Cohen PhD, ABPP, ABCN (Professor, Director, Adjunct Professor)

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Cohen, R.A. (2014). Medical Disorders and Behavioral Risk Factors. In: The Neuropsychology of Attention. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72639-7_16

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