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Genetics and Cytology of Meiotic Chromosome Behavior in Plants

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Book cover Plant Cytogenetics

Part of the book series: Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models ((PGG,volume 4))

Abstract

Meiosis is the process by which sexually reproducing organisms reduce their genomes from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) during the formation of gametes. It requires that homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, recombine, and finally segregate. These widely conserved processes are under genetic control, yet the exact details of many of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain under active investigation. The initial pairing and subsequent synapsis events are immediately preceded by the clustering of telomeres on the nuclear envelope in a widely conserved structure referred to as the bouquet arrangement of meiotic chromosomes. In animals and plants, genes required for genome reduction at meiosis I have been characterized and show a high degree of conservation between kingdoms and species within them. Plants have provided an excellent large-genome model system for the study of the cytology of homologous chromosome behavior and therefore have allowed an in depth dissection of the meiotic process in eukaryotes.

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Abbreviations

CE:

Central element

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

DSB:

Double-stranded break

EM:

Electron microscopy

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

LE:

Lateral element

MAR:

Matrix attachment region

NE:

Nuclear envelope

NMD:

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

NPC:

Nuclear pore complex

PHD:

Plant homeodomain

PI:

Propidium iodide

RN:

Recombination nodule

SAR:

Scaffold attachment region

SC:

Synaptonemal complex

SI:

Structured illumination

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Acknowledgments

We thank A.B. Thistle and members of the Bass laboratory for critical reading of the chapter and insightful comments. This work was supported by an American Heart Association predoctoral fellowship to SPM (# 0715487B, AHA, Greater Southeast Affiliate) and by the National Science Foundation (HWB, DBI-0321639).

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  1. Institute of Molecular Biophysics, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4370, USA

    Shaun P. Murphy & Hank W. Bass

  2. Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA

    Hank W. Bass

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  1. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

    Hank W. Bass

  2. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA

    James A. Birchler

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Murphy, S.P., Bass, H.W. (2012). Genetics and Cytology of Meiotic Chromosome Behavior in Plants. In: Bass, H., Birchler, J. (eds) Plant Cytogenetics. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70869-0_8

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