Abstract
Aggregation is a major challenge in the development of high dosage protein formulations. Administration of therapeutically effective doses of leptin is limited by its solubility at neutral pH. To achieve higher therapeutic doses, an acidic pH was utilized for the formulation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
1. A. Haselbeck, Epoetins: differences and their relevance to immunogenicity, Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 19(5), 430–432 (2003).
2. J. L. Cleland, M. F. Powell, and S. J. Shire, The development of stable protein formulations: a close look at protein aggregation, deamidation, and oxidation, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier. Syst. 10(4), 307–377 (1993).
3. E. Y. Chi, S. Krishnan, T. W. Randolph, and J. F. Carpenter, Physical stability of proteins in aqueous solution: Mechanism and driving forces in nonnative protein aggregation, Pharm. Res. 20(9), 1325–1336 (2003).
4. R. Krishnamurthy and M. C. Manning, The stability factor: importance in formulation development, Cur. Pharm. Biotech. 3(4), 361–371 (2002).
5. M. J. Treuheit, A. A. Kosky, and D. N. Brems, Inverse relationship of protein concentration and aggregation, Pharm. Res. 19(4), 511–516 (2002).
6. G. Walsh, Biopharmaceutical benchmarks—2003, Nat. Biotech. 21(8), 865–870 (2003).
7. S. A. Marshall, G. A. Lazar, A. J. Chirin, and J. R. Desjarlais, Rational design and engineering of therapeutic proteins, Drug Discov. Today 8(5), 212–221 (2003).
8. D. Daujotyt, G. Vilkaitis, L. Manelyt, J. Skalicky, T. Szyperski, and S. Klimaauskas, Solubility engineering of the HhaI methyltransferase, Protein Eng. 16(4), 295–301 (2003).
9. L. K. Mosavi and Z. Peng, Structure-based substitutions for increased solubility of a designed protein, Protein Eng. 16(10), 739–745 (2003).
10. L. Ågren, M. Norin, N. Lycke, and B. Löwenadler, Hydrophobicity engineering of cholera toxin A1 subunit in the strong adjuvant fusion protein CTA1-DD, Protein Eng. 12(2), 173–178 (1999).
11. C. Tanford, Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1961).
12. K. L. Shaw, G. R. Grimsley, G. I. Yakovlev, A. A. Makarov, and C. N. Pace, The effect of net charge on the solubility, activity, and stability of ribonuclease Sa, Protein Sci. 10(6), 1206–1215 (2001).
13. P. H. Tan, V. Chu, J. E. Stray, D. K. Hamlin, D. Pettit, D. S. Wilbur, R. L. Vessella, and P. S. Stayton, Engineering the isoelectric point of a renal cell carcinoma targeting antibody greatly enhances scFv solubility, Immunotechnology 4(2), 107–114 (1998).
14. Y. Zhang, R. Proenca, M. Maffei, M. Barone, L. Leopold, and J. M. Friedman, Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue, Nature 372(6505), 425–432 (1994).
15. C. P. Hill, T. D. Osslund, and D. Eisenberg, The structure of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and its relationship to other growth factors, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90(11), 5167–5171 (1993).
16. F. Zhang, M. B. Basinski, J. M. Beals, S. L. Briggs, L. M. Churgay, D. K. Clawson, R. D. DiMarchi, T. C. Furman, J. E. Hale, H. M. Hsiung, B. E. Schoner, D. P. Smith, X. Y. Zhang, J.-P. Wery, and R. W. Schevitz, Crystal structure of the obese protein leptin-E100, Nature 387(6629), 206–209 (1997).
17. K. Imagawa, Y. Numata, G. Katsuura, I. Sakaguchi, A. Morita, S. Kikuoka, Y. Matumoto, T. Tsuji, M. Tamaki, K. Sasakura, H. Teraoka, K. Hosoda, Y. Ogawa, and K. Nakao, Structure-function studies of human leptin, J. Biol. Chem. 273(52), 35245–35249 (1998).
18. F. L. Rock, S. W. Altmann, M. van Heek, R. A. Kastelein, and J. F. Bazan, The leptin haemopoietic cytokine fold is stabilized by an intrachain disulfide bond, Horm. Metab. Res. 28(12), 649–652 (1996).
19. J. L. Liu, K. V. Lu, T. Eris, V. Katta, K. R. Westcott, L. O. Narhi, and H. S. Lu, In vitro methionine oxidation of recombinant human leptin, Pharm. Res. 15(4), 632–640 (1998).
20. L.-C. Au, S.-Y. Lin, M.-J. Li, and C.-J. Ho, pH-dependent secondary conformation of the peptide hormone leptin in different buffer solutions, Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechol. 27(2), 119–134 (1999).
21. M. S. Ricci, C. A. Sarkar, E. M. Fallon, D. A. Lauffenburger, and D. N. Brems. pH dependence of structural stability of interleukin-2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Protein Sci. 12(5), 1030–1038 (2003).
22. L. D. Ward, J. G. Zhang, G. Checkley, B. Preston, and R. J. Simpson, Effect of pH and denaturants on the folding and stability of murine interleukin-6, Protein Sci. 2(8), 1291–1300 (1993).
23. M. S. Ricci and D. N. Brems, Common structural stability properties of 4-helical bundle cytokines: Possible physiological and pharmaceutical consequences, Curr. Pharm. Design, 10:3901–3911 (2004).
24. S. B. Heymsfield, A. S. Greenberg, K. Fujioka, R. M. Dixon, R. Kushner, T. Hunt, J. A. Lubina, J. Patane, B. Self, P. Hunt, and M. McCamish, Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: A randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 282(16), 1568–1575 (1999).
25. I. S. Farooqi, G. Matarese, G. M. Lord, J. M. Keogh, E. Lawrence, C. Agwu, V. Sanna, S. A. Jebb, F. Perna, S. Fontana, R. I. Lechler, A. M. DePaoli, and S. O'Rahilly, Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency, J. Clin. Invest. 110(8), 1093–1103 (2002).
26. G.-M. Wu, D. Hummel, and A. Herman, Analysis of the solution behavior of protein pharmaceuticals by laser light scattering photometry, in Therapeutic Protein and Peptide Formulation and Delivery (Washington, DC: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 675, 1997).
27. G. D. Rose, A. R. Geselowitz, G. J. Lesser, R. H. Lee, and M. H. Zehfus, Hydrophobicity of amino acid residues in globular proteins, Science 229(4716), 834–838 (1985).
28. J. L. Fauchère and V. Pliska, Hydrophobic parameters pi of amino-acid side chains from the partitioning of N-acetyl-amino acid amides, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 18, 369–375 (1983).
29. D. Eisenberg, R. M. Weiss, T. C. Terwilliger, and W. Wilcox, Hydrophobic moments and protein structure, Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 17, 109–120 (1982).
30. P. Horowitz and N. L. Criscimagna, Low concentrations of guanidinium chloride expose apolar surfaces and cause differential perturbation in catalytic intermediates of rhodanese, J. Biol. Chem. 261(33), 15652–15658 (1986).
31. N. A. Rodionova, G. V. Semisotnov, V. P. Kutyshenko, V. N. Uverskii, and I. A. Bolotina, Staged equilibrium of carbonic anhydrase unfolding in strong denaturants, Mol. Biol. (Mosk) 23(3), 683–692 (1989).
32. E. H. Strickland, Aromatic contributions to circular dichroism spectra of proteins, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 2(1), 113–175 (1974).
33. D. C. Howey, R. R. Bowsher, R. L. Brunelle, and J. R. Woodworth, [Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]-Human insulin: a rapidly absorbed analog of human insulin, Diabetes 43(3), 396–402 (1994).
34. N. C. Kaarsholm, K. Norris, R. J. Jorgensen, J. Mikkelsen, S. Ludvigsen, O. H. Olsen, A. R. Sorensen, and S. Havelund, Engineering stability of the insulin monomer fold with application to structure-activity relationships, Biochem. 32(40), 10773–10778 (1993).
35. M. Ishikawa, H. Iijima, R. Satake-Ishikawa, H. Tsumura, A. Iwamatsu, T. Kadoya, Y. Shimada, H. Fukamachi, K. Kobayashi, S. Matsuki, and K. Asano, The substitution of cysteine 17 of recombinant human G-CSF with alanine greatly enhanced its stability, Cell Struct. Funct. 17(1), 61–65 (1992).
36. T. Arakawa, S. J. Prestrelski, L. O. Narhi, T. C. Boone, and W. C. Kenney, Cysteine 17 of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor is partially solvent-exposed, J. Protein Chem. 12(5), 525–531 (1993).
37. B. Bishop, D. C. Koay, A. C. Sartorelli, and L. Regan, Reengineering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for enhanced stability, J. Biol. Chem. 276(36), 33465–33470 (2001).
38. S. R. Lehrman, J. L. Tuls, H. A. Havel, R. J. Haskell, S. D. Putnam, and C. S. Tomich, Site-directed mutagenesis to probe protein folding: Evidence that the formation and aggregation of a bovine growth hormone folding intermediate are dissociable processes, Biochem. 30(23), 5777–5784 (1991).
39. P. K. Tsai, D. B. Volkin, J. M. Dabora, K. C. Thompson, M. W. Bruner, J. O. Gress, B. Matuszewska, M. Keogan, J. V. Bondi, and C. R. Middaugh, Formulation design of acidic fibroblast growth factor, Pharm. Res. 10(5), 649–659 (1993).
40. R. L. Remmele Jr, N. S. Nightlinger, S. Srinivasan, and W. R. Gombotz, Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) liquid formulation development using differential scanning calorimetry, Pharm. Res. 15(2), 200–208 (1998).
41. A. V. Filikov, R. J. Hayes, P. Luo, D. M. Stark, C. Chan, A. Kundu, and B. I. Dahiyat, Computational stabilization of human growth hormone, Protein Sci. 11(6), 1452–1461 (2002).
42. P. Luo, R. J. Hayes, C. Chan, D. M. Stark, M. Y. Hwang, J. M. Jacinto, P. Juvvadi, H. S. Chung, A. Kundu, M. L. Ary, and B. I. Dahiyat, Development of a cytokine analog with enhanced stability using computational ultrahigh throughput screening, Protein Sci. 11(5), 1218–1226 (2002).
43. J. M. Sturtevant, M. H. Yu, C. Haase-Pettingell, and J. King, Thermostability of temperature-sensitive folding mutants of the P22 tailspike protein, J. Biol. Chem. 264(18), 10693–10698 (1989).
44. B. Fane, R. Villafane, A. Mitraki, and J. King, Identification of global suppressors for temperature-sensitive folding mutations of the P22 tailspike protein, J. Biol. Chem. 266(18), 11640–11648 (1991).
45. M. Danner and R. Seckler, Mechanism of phage P22 tailspike protein folding mutations, Protein Sci. 2(11), 1869–1881 (1993).
46. C. Haase-Pettingell and J. King, Prevalence of temperature sensitive folding mutations in the parallel beta coil domain of the phage P22 tailspike endorhamnosidase, J. Mol. Biol. 267(1), 88–102 (1997).
47. B. A. Chrunyk, J. Evans, J. Lillquist, P. Young, and R. Wetzel, Inclusion body formation and protein stability in sequence variants of interleukin-1β, J. Biol. Chem. 268(24), 18053–18061 (1993).
48. R. Wetzel, L. J. Perry, and C. Veilleux, Mutations in human interferon-gamma affecting inclusion body formation identified by a general immunochemical screen, Bio/Tech. 9(8), 731–737 (1991).
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ricci, M.S., Pallitto, M.M., Narhi, L.O., Boone, T., Brems, D.N. (2006). Mutational Approach to Improve Physical Stability of Protein Therapeutics Susceptible to Aggregation. In: Misbehaving Proteins. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36063-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36063-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30508-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-36063-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)