Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akbar, A. N., Taams, L. S., Salmon, M., Vukmanovic-Stejic, M. (2003) The peripheral generation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Immunology 109:319–325.
Alyanakian, M. A., You, S., Damotte, D., et al. (2003) Diversity of regulatory CD4+T cells controlling distinct organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 100:15806–15811.
Anderson, M. S., Bluestone, J. A. (2005) The NOD mouse: a model of immune dysregulation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23:447–485.
Bensinger, S. J., Walsh, P. T., Zhang, J., et al. (2004) Distinct IL-2 receptor signaling pattern in CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 172:5287–5296.
Bernard, C. C., de Rosbo, N. K. (1991) Immunopathological recognition of autoantigens in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. 13:171–178.
Bettelli, E., Dastrange, M., Oukka, M. (2005) Foxp3 interacts with nuclear factor of activated T cells and NF-kappa B to repress cytokine gene expression and effector functions of T helper cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102:5138–5143.
Birebent, B., Lorho, R., Lechartier, H., et al. (2004) Suppressive properties of human CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells are dependent on CTLA-4 expression. Eur. J. Immunol. 34:3485–3496.
Caton, A. J., Cozzo, C., Larkin, J., 3rd, et al. (2004) CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cell selection. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1029:101–114.
Cederbom, L., Hall, H., Ivars, F. (2000) CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells down-regulate co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 30:1538–1543.
Cozzo, C., Larkin, J., 3rd, Caton, A. J. (2003) Cutting edge: self-peptides drive the peripheral expansion of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 171:5678–5682.
De la Rosa, M., Rutz, S., Dorninger, H., Scheffold, A. (2004) Interleukin-2 is essential for CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cell function. Eur. J. Immunol. 34:2480–2488.
De Rosbo, N. K., Hoffman, M., Mendel, I., et al. (1997) Predominance of the autoimmune response to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in multiple sclerosis: reactivity to the extracellular domain of MOG is directed against three main regions. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:3059–3069.
Ebers, G. C., Sadovnick, A. D., Risch, N. J. (1995) A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Nature 377:150–151.
Ermann, J., Hoffmann, P., Edinger, M., et al. (2005) Only the CD62L+ subpopulation of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells protects from lethal acute GVHD. Blood 105:2220–2226.
Fahlen, L., Read, S., Gorelik, L., et al. (2005) T cells that cannot respond to TGF-beta escape control by CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 201:737–746.
Fantini, M. C., Becker, C., Monteleone, G., et al. (2004) Cutting edge: TGF-beta induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4 + CD25- T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7. J. Immunol. 172:5149–5153.
Fisson, S., Darrasse-Jeze, G., Litvinova, E., et al. (2003) Continuous activation of autoreactive CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the steady state. J. Exp. Med. 198:737–746.
Fontenot, J. D., Gavin, M. A., Rudensky, A. Y. (2003) Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 4:330–336.
Fujinami, R. S., Oldstone, M. B. (1985) Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity. Science 230:1043–1045.
Furtado, G. C., Olivares-Villagomez, D., Curotto de Lafaille, M. A., et al. (2001) Regulatory T cells in spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol. Rev. 182:122–134.
Gallo, P., Cupic, D., Bracco, F., et al. (1989) Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the monkey: humoral immunity and blood-brain barrier function. Ital. J. Neurol. Sci. 10:561–565.
Ghiringhelli, F., Menard, C., Terme, M., et al. (2005) CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor-beta-dependent manner. J. Exp. Med. 202:1075–1085.
Gondek, D. C., Lu, L. F., Quezada, S. A., et al. (2005) Cutting edge: contact-mediated suppression by CD4 + CD25+ regulatory cells involves a granzyme B-dependent, perforin-independent mechanism. J. Immunol. 174:1783–1786.
Gonzalez, A., Andre-Schmutz, I., Carnaud, C., et al. (2001) Damage control, rather than unresponsiveness, effected by protective DX5+ T cells in autoimmune diabetes. Nat. Immunol. 2:1117–1125.
Green, E. A., Gorelik, L., McGregor, C. M., et al. (2003). CD4 + CD25+ T regulatory cells control anti-islet CD8+ T cells through TGF-beta-TGF-beta receptor interactions in type 1 diabetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 100:10878–10883.
Hall, B. M., Pearce, N. W., Gurley, K. E., Dorsch, S. E. (1990). Specific unresponsiveness in rats with prolonged cardiac allograft survival after treatment with cyclosporine. III. Further characterization of the CD4+ suppressor cell and its mechanisms of action. J. Exp. Med. 171:141–157.
Janssens, W., Carlier, V., Wu, B., et al. (2003). CD4 + CD25+ T cells lyse antigen-presenting B cells by Fas-Fas ligand interaction in an epitope-specific manner. J. Immunol. 171:4604–4612.
Jordan, M. S., Boesteanu, A., Reed, A. J., et al. (2001). Thymic selection of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nat. Immunol. 2:301–306.
Kawahata, K., Misaki, Y., Yamauchi, M., et al. (2002) Generation of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells from autoreactive T cells simultaneously with their negative selection in the thymus and from nonautoreactive T cells by endogenous TCR expression. J. Immunol. 168:4399–4405.
Kent, S. C., Chen, Y., Bregoli, L., et al. (2005) Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope. Nature 435:224–228.
Khattri, R., Cox, T., Yasayko, S. A., Ramsdell, F. (2003) An essential role for Scurfin in CD4 + CD25+ T regulatory cells. Nat. Immunol. 4:337–342.
King, I. L., Segal, B. M. (2005) Cutting edge: IL-12 induces CD4 + CD25- T cell activation in the presence of T regulatory cells. J. Immunol. 175:641–645.
Kohm, A. P., Carpentier, P. A., Anger, H. A., Miller, S. D. (2002) Cutting edge: CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells suppress antigen-specific autoreactive immune responses and central nervous system inflammation during active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 169:4712–4716.
Kohm, A. P., Carpentier, P. A., Miller, S. D. (2003) Regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells. Novartis Found. Symp. 252:45–52.
Kohm, A. P., McMahon, J. S., Podojil, J. R., et al. (2006) Anti-CD25 mAb injection results in the functional inactivation, not depletion of CD4 + CD25+ Treg cells. J. Immunol. 176(6):3301–3305.
Kohm, A. P., Williams, J. S., Bickford, A. L., et al. (2005) Treatment with nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody induces CD4+ T cell unresponsiveness and functional reversal of established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 174:4525–4534.
Kohm, A. P., Williams, J. S., Miller, S. D. (2004) Cutting edge : ligation of the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor enhances autoreactive CD4+ T cell activation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 172:4686–4690.
Kojima, A., Prehn, R. T. (1981) Genetic susceptibility to post-thymectomy autoimmune diseases in mice. Immunogenetics 14:15–27.
Kurtzke, J. F. (1993) Epidemiologic evidence for multiple sclerosis as an infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6:382–427.
Lan, R. Y., Ansari, A. A., Lian, Z. X., Gershwin, M. E. (2005) Regulatory T cells: development, function and role in autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev. 4:351–363.
Lim, H. W., Hillsamer, P., Banham, A. H., Kim, C. H. (2005) Cutting edge: direct suppression of B cells by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 175:4180–4183.
Liu, Z., Geboes, K., Hellings, P., et al. (2001) B7 interactions with CD28 and CTLA-4 control tolerance or induction of mucosal inflammation in chronic experimental colitis. J. Immunol. 167:1830–1838.
Lohmann, T., Leslie, R. D., Londei, M. (1996) T cell clones to epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 raised from normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. J. Autoimmun. 9:385–389.
Malek, T. R., Yu, A., Vincek, V., et al. (2002) CD4 regulatory T cells prevent lethal autoimmunity in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice. Implications for the nonredundant function of IL-2. Immunity 17:167–178.
Maloy, K. J., Salaun, L., Cahill, R., et al. (2003) CD4 + CD25+ T(R) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms. J. Exp. Med. 197:111–119.
Marie, J. C., Letterio, J. J., Gavin, M., Rudensky, A. Y. (2005) TGF-beta1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 201:1061–1067.
McGeachy, M. J., Stephens, L. A., Anderton, S. M. (2005) Natural recovery and protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis: contribution of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory cells within the central nervous system. J. Immunol. 175:3025–3032.
McHugh, R. S., Shevach, E. M. (2002) Cutting edge: depletion of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells is necessary, but not sufficient, for induction of organ-specific autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 168:5979–5983.
McHugh, R. S., Whitters, M. J., Piccirillo, C. A., et al. (2002) CD4(+) CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells: gene expression analysis reveals a functional role for the glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor. Immunity 16:311–323.
McRae, B. L., Vanderlugt, C. L., Dal Canto, M. C., Miller, S. D. (1995) Functional evidence for epitope spreading in the relapsing pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 182:75–85.
Morgan, M. E., van Bilsen, J. H., Bakker, A. M., et al. (2005) Expression of FOXP3 mRNA is not confined to CD4 + CD25+ T regulatory cells in humans. Hum. Immunol. 66:13–20.
Nakamura, K., Kitani, A., Fuss, I., et al. (2004) TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the mechanism of CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cell activity in both humans and mice. J. Immunol. 172:834–842.
Nakamura, K., Kitani, A., Strober, W. (2001) Cell contact-dependent immunosuppression by CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells is mediated by cell surface-bound transforming growth factor beta. J. Exp. Med. 194:629–644.
Nakayama, M., Abiru, N., Moriyama, H., et al. (2005) Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Nature 435:220–223.
Nocentini, G., Giunchi, L., Ronchetti, S., et al. (1997) A new member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor family inhibits T cell receptor-induced apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 94:6216–6221.
Olson, J. K., Croxford, J. L., Miller, S. D. (2001) Virus-induced autoimmunity: potential role of viruses in initiation, perpetuation, and progression of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases Viral Immunol. 14:227–250.
Ota, K., Matsui, M., Milford, E. L., et al. (1990) T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis. Nature 346:183–187.
Pacholczyk, R., Kraj, P., Ignatowicz, L. (2002) Peptide specificity of thymic selection of CD4 + CD25+ T cells. J. Immunol. 168:613–620.
Papiernik, M., de Moraes, M. L., Pontoux, C., et al. (1998) Regulatory CD4 T cells: expression of IL-2R alpha chain, resistance to clonal deletion and IL-2 dependency. Int. Immunol. 10:371–378.
Peng, Y., Laouar, Y., Li, M. O., et al. (2004) TGF-beta regulates in vivo expansion of Foxp3-expressing CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells responsible for protection against diabetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 101:4572–4577.
Piccirillo, C. A., Letterio, J. J., Thornton, A. M., et al. (2002) CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells can mediate suppressor function in the absence of transforming growth factor beta1 production and responsiveness. J. Exp. Med. 196:237–246.
Piccirillo, C. A., Shevach, E. M. (2001) Cutting edge: control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4 + CD25+ immunoregulatory cells. J. Immunol. 167:1137–1140.
Powrie, F., Carlino, J., Leach, M. W., et al. (1996) A critical role for transforming growth factor-beta but not interleukin 4 in the suppression of T helper type 1-mediated colitis by CD45RB(low) CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 183:2669–2674.
Reddy, J., Illes, Z., Zhang, X., et al. (2004) Myelin proteolipid protein-specific CD4 + CD25+ regulatory cells mediate genetic resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 101:15434–15439.
Romagnoli, P., Hudrisier, D., van Meerwijk, J. P. (2002) Preferential recognition of self antigens despite normal thymic deletion of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells. J. Immunol. 168:1644–1648.
Ronchetti, S., Zollo, O., Bruscoli, S., et al. (2004) GITR, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is costimulatory to mouse T lymphocyte subpopulations. Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613–622.
Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N. (1989) Organ-specific autoimmune disease induced in mice by elimination of T cell subsets. V. Neonatal administration of cyclosporin A causes autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 142:471–480.
Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N., Asano, M., et al. (1995) Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25): breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J. Immunol. 155:1151–1164.
Salomon, B., Lenschow, D. J., Rhee, L., et al. (2000) B7/CD28 costimulation is essential for the homeostasis of the CD4 + CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells that control autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 12:431–440.
Shimizu, J., Yamazaki, S., Takahashi, T., et al. (2002) Stimulation of CD25(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells through GITR breaks immunological self-tolerance. Nat. Immunol. 3:135–142.
Suri-Payer, E., Amar, A. Z., Thornton, A. M., Shevach, E. M. (1998) CD4 + CD25+ T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells. J. Immunol. 160:1212–1218.
Takahashi, T., Tagami, T., Yamazaki, S., et al. (2000) Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J. Exp. Med. 192:303–310.
Tang, Q., Adams, J. Y., Tooley, A. J., et al. (2006) Visualizing regulatory T cell control of autoimmune responses in nonobese diabetic mice. Nat. Immunol. 7:83–92.
Taylor, P. A., Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A., Swedin, J. M., et al. (2004) L-Selectin(hi) but not the L-selectin(lo) CD4+25+ T-regulatory cells are potent inhibitors of GVHD and BM graft rejection. Blood 104:3804–3812.
Thornton, A. M., Shevach, E. M. (1998) CD4 + CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J. Exp. Med. 188:287–296.
Tone, M., Tone, Y., Adams, E., et al. (2003). Mouse glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand is costimulatory for T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 100:15059–15064.
Vanderlugt, C. L., Miller, S. D. (2002). Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases: implications for immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:85–95.
Viglietta, V., Baecher-Allan, C., Weiner, H. L., Hafler, D. A. (2004). Loss of functional suppression by CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Exp. Med. 199:971–979.
Waksman, B. H. (1995) Multiple sclerosis: More genes versus environment. Nature 377: 105–106.
Wekerle, H. (1991) Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. 13:197–204.
Wong, F. S., Janeway, C. A. (1999) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its animal models. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:643–647.
Wucherpfennig, K. W., Strominger, J. L. (1995) Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein. Cell 80:695–705.
Zelenay, S., Lopes-Carvalho, T., Caramalho, I., et al. (2005) Foxp3+ CD25-CD4 T cells constitute a reservoir of committed regulatory cells that regain CD25 expression upon homeostatic expansion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102:4091–4096.
Zheng, S. G., Gray, J. D., Ohtsuka, K., et al. (2002) Generation ex vivo of TGF-beta-producing regulatory T cells from CD4 + CD25-precursors. J. Immunol. 169:4183–4189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kohm, A.P., Miller, S.D. (2007). CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Disease. In: Zhang, J. (eds) Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy in Autoimmune Disease. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36003-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36003-4_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-36002-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-36003-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)