Abstract
Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in women in North America and Europe. Invasive mammary carcinoma, like the pre-invasive tumors that typically precede it, can be readily recognized and graded in surgically removed or biopsied tissue samples. The grading and staging of these tumors are of considerable clinical significance and are performed routinely.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Books and Monographs
Elston CW, Ellis IO, eds. Systemic Pathology: The Breast. 3rd edition, vol. 13. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1998.
Tavassoli FA, ed. Pathology of the Breast. Stamford: Appleton-Lange; 1999.
Tavassoli F, Devilee P, eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of the Breast and Female Genital Organs. Lyon: IARC; 2003.
Articles
Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Craig PH. A prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer. 1996;77:2267–2274.
Scott MA, Lagios MD, Axelsson K, Schnitt SJ, et al. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: reproducibility of histologic subtype analysis. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:967–973.
Lagios MD, Margolin FR, Westdahl PR, et al. Mammographically detected duct carcinoma in situ: frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence. Cancer. 1989;63:618–624.
Yaziji H, Gown AM, Sneige N. Detection of stromal invasion in breast cancer: the myoepithelial markers. Adv Anat Pathol. 2000;7:100–109.
Bratthauer GL, Moinfar F, Stamatakos MD, et al. Combined E-cadherin and high molecular weight cytokeratin immunoprofile differentiates lobular, ductal and hybrid mammary intraepithelial neoplasm. Hum Pathol. 2002; 33:620–627.
Bellamy CO. Noninvasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: the relevance of histologic categorization. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:16–22.
Page DL, Lagios MD, Jensen RA. In situ carcinomas of the breast: ductal carcinoma in situ, Paget’s disease, lobular carcinoma in situ. In: Bland KI, Copeland III EM, eds. The breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Disorders. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004:255–304.
Tavassoli FA. Lobular neoplasia. In: Tavassoli F, ed. Pathology of the Breast. Stamford: Appleton-Lange; 1999:373–397.
Patey DH, Scarff RW. The position of histology in the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast. Lancet. 1928;1:801–804.
Bloom HJG, Richardson WW. Histologic grading and prognosis in breast cancer: a study of 1709 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer. 1957;2:353–377.
Elston CW, Ellis IO. Assessment of histological grade. In: Elston CW, Ellis IO, eds. Systemic Pathology. The Breast. 3rd edition, vol. 13. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1998: 365–384.
Trihia H, Murray S, Price K, et al. Ki-67 expression in breast carcinoma: its association with grading systems, clinical parameters, and other prognostic factors—a surrogate marker? Cancer. 2003;97:1321–1331.
Tawfik OW, Fan F, Davis M, et al. A new semi-automated method of grading breast carcinoma based on a multivariant analysis of 527 cases. Mod Path. 2004;17:201.
Meyer JS, Alvarez C, Milikowski C, et al. Breast carcinoma malignancy grading by Bloom-Richardson system vs proliferation index: reproducibility of grade and advantages of proliferation index. Mod Path. 2005;18:1649–1645.
Kronenwett U, Huwendiek S, Ostring C, et al. Improved grading of breast adenocarcinomas based on genomic instability. Cancer Res. 2004;64:904–909.
Niezabitowski A, Lackowska B, Rys J, et al. Prognostic evaluation of proliferative activity and DNA content in the phyllodes tumor of the breast: immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study of 118 cases. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2001;65:77–85.
Ward RM, Evans HL. Cystosarcoma phyllodes. A clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. Cancer. 1986;58:2282–2289.
Moffat CJ, Pinder SE, Dixon AR, et al. Phyllodes tumors of the breast: a clinicopathological review of 32 cases. Histopathology. 1995;27:205–218.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fan, F., Thomas, P.A. (2007). Tumors of the Breast. In: Damjanov, I., Fan, F. (eds) Cancer Grading Manual. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33751-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33751-7_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-33750-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-33751-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)