Skip to main content

Contrast Agents for Liver MR Imaging

  • Chapter
Book cover MRI of the Liver

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arnold P, Ward J, Wilson D, Ashley Guthrie J, Robinson PJ. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhancement in the cirrhotic liver: a comparison of two doses of ferumoxides in patients with advanced disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21(7):695–700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baleriaux D, Colosimo C, Ruscalleda J, Korves M, Schneider G, Bohndorf K, Bongartz G, van Buchem MA, Reiser M, Sartor K, Bourne MW, Parizel PM, Cherryman GR, Salerio I, La Noce A, Pirovano G, Kirchin MA, Spinazzi A. Magnetic resonance imaging of metastatic disease to the brain with gadobenate dimeglumine. Neuroradiol 2002; 44:191–203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bartolozzi C, Spinazzi A. MultiHance: help or hype? J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999; 23(Suppl. 1):151–159

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bellin MF, Zaim S, Auberton E, Sarfati G, Duron JJ, Khayat D, Grellet J. Liver metastases: Safety and efficacy of detection with superparamagnetic iron oxide in MR imaging. Radiology 1994; 193:657–663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bernardino ME, Young SW, Lee JK, Weinreb JC. Hepatic MR imaging with Mn-DPDP: Safety image quality and sensitivity. Radiology 1992; 183:53–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Birnbaum BA, Weinreb JC, Fernandez MP, Brown JJ, Rofsky NM, Young SW. Comparison of contrast enhanced CT and Mn-DPDP enhanced MRI for detection of focal hepatic lesions. Initial findings. Clin Imaging 1994; 18:21–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Blakeborough A, Ward J, Wilson D, Griffiths M, Kajiya Y, Guthrie JA, Robinson PJ. Hepatic lesion detection at MR imaging: A comparative study with four sequences. Radiology 1997; 203:759–765

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bluemke DA, Sahani D, Amendola M, et al. Efficacy and safety of MR imaging with liver-specific contrast agent: U.S. multicenter phase III study. Radiology 2005; 237(1):89–98

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Braga HJV, Choti MA, Lee VS, Paulson EK, Siegelman ES, Bluemke DA. Liver lesions: manganese-enhanced MR and dual-phase helical CT for preoperative detection and characterization-comparison with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology 2002; 223:525–531

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Carlos RC, Branam JD, Dong Q, Hussain HK, Francis IR. Biliary imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA: is a 20-minute delay sufficient? Acad Radiol 2002;9(11):1322–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Caudana R, Morana G, Pirovano GP, Nicoli N, Portuese A, Spinazzi A, Di Rito R, Pistolesi GF. Focal malignant hepatic lesions: MR imaging enhanced with gadolinium benzyloxypropionictetra-acetate (BOPTA)-preliminary results of phase II clinical application. Radiology 1996; 199:513–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cavagna FM, Maggioni F, Castelli PM, Dapra M, Imperatori LG, Lorusso V, Jenkins BG. Gadolinium chelates with weak binding to serum proteins. Invest Radiol 1997; 32:780–796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chang CA. Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Design and physicochemical properties of gadodiamide. Invest Radiol 1993; 28:21–7

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cherryman GR, Pirovano G, Kirchin MA. Gadobenate Dimeglumine in MR imaging of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results of a Phase III study comparing Dynamic and Delayed Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging with EKG, 201Tl SPECT and Echocardiography. Invest Radiol 2002; 37:135–145

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chezmar JL, Rumaneik WM, Megibow AJ. Liver and abdominal screening in patients with cancer: CT versus MR imaging. Radiology 1987; 165:399–406

    Google Scholar 

  16. Coffin CM, Diche T, Mahfouz A, Alexandre M, Caseiro-Alves F, Rahmouni A, Vasile N, Mathieu D. Benign and malignant hepatocellular tumors: evaluation of tumoral enhancement after mangafodipir trisodium injection on MR imaging. Eur Radiol 1999; 9:444–449

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Colosimo C, Demaerel P, Tortori-Donati P, Christophe C, Van Buchem M, Högström B, Pirovano G, Shen N, Kirchin MA, Spinazzi A. Comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) with gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) for enhanced MR imaging of brain and spine tumors in pediatric subjects. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:501–510

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Colosimo C, Knopp MV, Barreau X, Gerardin E, Kirchin MA, Guezenoc F, Lodemann KP. A comparison of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DOTA for contrast-enhanced MRI of intracranial tumours. Neuroradiology 2004; 46:655–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Colosimo C, Ruscalleda J, Korves M, La Ferla R, Wool C, Pianezzola P, Kirchin MA. Detection of intracranial metastases: a multi-center, intra-patient comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI with routinely used contrast agents at equal dose. Invest Radiol 2001; 36:72–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. De Haën C, Cabrini M, Akhnana L, Ratti D, Calabi L, Gozzini L. Gadobenate dimeglumine 0.5M solution for injection (MultiHance): pharmaceutical formulation and physicochemical properties of a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast medium. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999; 23(Suppl. 1):161–168

    Google Scholar 

  21. Denys A, Arrive L, Servois V, Dubray B, Najmark D, Sibert A, Menu Y. Hepatic tumors: detection and characterization at 1T MR imaging with AMI-25. Radiology 1994; 193:665–669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Earls JP, Rofsky NM, DeCorato DR, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Hepatic arterial-phase dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging: optimization with a test examination and a power injector. Radiology 1997; 202:268–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Elizondo G, Fretz CJ, Stark DD, Rocklage SM, Quay SC, Worah D, Tsang YM, Chen MC, Ferrucci JT. Preclinical evaluation of MnDPDP: new paramagnetic hepatobiliary contrast agent for MR imaging. Radiology 1991; 178(1):73–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Elizondo G, Weissleder R, Stark DD, Guerra J, Garza J, Fretz CJ, Todd LE, Ferrucci JT. Hepatic cirrhosis and hepatitis: MR imaging enhanced with super-paramagnetic iron oxide. Radiology 1990; 174:797–801

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Emerson J, Kost G. Spurious hypocalcemia after Omniscan-or OptiMARK-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-An algorithm for minimizing a false-positive laboratory value. Arch. Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:1151–1156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fan ZM, Yamashita Y, Harada M, Baba Y, Yamamoto H, Matsukawa T, Arakawa A, Miyazaki T, Takahashi M. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: spin echo and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging. Am J Roengenol 1993; 161:313–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Federle MP, Chezmar JL, Rubin DL, Weinreb JC, Freeny PC, Semelka RC, Brown JJ, Borello JA, Lee JK, Mattrey R, Dachman AH, Saini S, Harmon B, Fenstermacher M, Pelsang RE, Harms SE, Mitchell DG, Halford HH, Anderson MW, Johnson CD, Fran-cis IR, Bova JG, Kenney PJ, Klippenstein DL, Foster GS, Turner DA. Safety and efficacy of Mangafodipir Trisodium (Mn-DPDP) Injection for hepatic MRI in adults: results of the U.S. multicenter Phase III clinical trials (safety). J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:186–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fretz CJ, Elizondo G, Weissleder R, Hahn PF, Stark DD, Ferrucci JT Jr. Superparamagnetic iron oxide — enhanced MR imaging: Pulse sequence optimization for detection of liver cancer. Radiology 1989;172:393–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fretz CJ, Stark DD, Metz CE, Elizondo G, Weissleder R, Shen JH, Wittenberg J, Simeone J, Ferrucci JT. Detection of hepatic metastases: Comparison of contrast-enhanced CT, unenhanced MR imaging and iron-oxide-enhanced MR imaging. AM J Roentgenol 1990; 155:763–770

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Furuta A, Ito K, Fujita T, Koike S, Shimizu A, Matsunaga N. Hepatic enhancement in multiphasic contrast-enhanced MDCT: comparison of high-and low-iodine-concentration contrast medium in same patients with chronic liver disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183(1):157–62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gallez B, Bacic G, Swartz HM. Evidence for the dissociation of the hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent Mn-DPDP. Magn Reson Med 1996; 35:14–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gehl HB, Vorwerk D, Klose KC, Gunther RW. Pancreatic enhancement after low dose infusion of Mn-DPDP. Radiology 1991; 180:337–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gibby WA, Gibby KA, Gibby WA. Comparison of Gd DTPA-BMA (Omniscan) versus Gd HP-DO3A (ProHance) retention in human bone tissue by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Invest Radiol 2004; 39(3):138–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Goyen M, Barkhausen J, Debatin JF, Kuhl H, Bosk S, Testa G, Malago M, Ruehm SG. Right-lobe living related liver transplantation: evaluation of a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging protocol for assessing potential donors. Liver Transpl 2002;8(3):241–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Grazioli L, Morana G, Caudana R, Benetti A, Portolani N, Talamini G, Colombari R, Pirovano G, Kirchin MA, Spinazzi A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Correlation between gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI and pathologic findings. Invest Radiol 2000; 35:25–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Grazioli L, Morana G, Federle MP, Brancatelli G, Testoni M, Kirchin MA, Menni K, Olivetti L, Nicoli N, Procacci C. Focal nodular hyperplasia: morphological and functional information from MR imaging with gadobenate dimeglumine. Radiology 2001;221:731–739

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Grazioli L, Morana G, Kirchin MA, Schneider G. Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study. Radiology 2005; 236:166–177

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Grazioli L. Morana G, Kirchin MA et al. MR Imaging of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) with gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) and SPIO (Ferumoxides): an intra-individual comparison. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 17:593–602

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hahn PF, Saini S. Liver-specific MR imaging contrast agents. Radiol Clin North Am 1998; 36:287–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hamm B, Staks T, Muhler A, Bollow M, Taupitz M, Frenzel T, Wolf KJ, Weinmann HJ, Lange L. Phase I clinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a hepatobiliary MR contrast agent: safety, pharmacokinetics and MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 195:785–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hamm B, Thoeni RF, Gould RG, Bernardino ME, Luning M, Saini S, Mahfouz AE, Taupitz M, Wolf KJ. Focal liver lesions: characterization with nonenhanced and dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1994; 90:417–423

    Google Scholar 

  42. Harisinghani MG, Jhaveri KS, Weissleder R, Schima W, Saini S, Hahn PF, Mueller PR. MRI contrast agents for evaluating focal liver lesions Clin Radiol 2001; 56:714–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Harisinghani MG, Saini S, Weissleder R, Halpern EF, Schima W, Rubin DL, Stillman AE, Sica GT, Small WC, Hahn PF. Differentiation of liver hemangiomas from metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma at MR imaging enhanced with blood-pool contrast agent Code-7227. Radiology 1997; 202:687–691

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hauser RA, Zesiewicz TA, Rosemurgy AS, Marinez C, Olanow CW. Manganese intoxication and chronic liver failure. Ann Neurol 1994; 36:871–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Huppertz A, Balzer T, Blakeborough A, et al. Improved detection of focal liver lesions at MR imaging: multicenter comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR images with intraoperative findings. Radiology 2004; 230(1):266–75

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Huppertz A, Haraida S, Kraus A, Zech CJ, Scheidler J, Breuer J, Helmberger TK, Reiser MF. Enhancement of focal liver lesions at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with histopathologic findings and spiral CT-initial observations. Radiology 2005; 234(2):468–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kettritz U, Schlund JF, Wilbur K, Eisenberg LB, Semelka RC. Comparison of gadolinium chelates with manganese-DPDP for liver lesion detection and characterization: preliminary results. Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 14:1185–1190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kim MJ, Kim JH, Chung JJ, Park MS, Lim JS, Oh YT. Focal hepatic lesions: detection and characterization with combination gadolinium-and superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2003; 228(3):719–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim YK, Kim CS, Lee YH, Kwak HS, Lee JM. Comparison of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced dynamic MRI for detection of small hepatocellular carcinomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 182:1217–1223

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kim YK, Lee JM, Kim CS, Chung GH, Kim CY, Kim IH. Detection of liver metastases: gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced three-dimensional dynamic phases and one-hour delayed phase MR imaging versus superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2005; 15:220–228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kim YK, Lee JM, Kim CS. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced liver MR imaging: value of dynamic and delayed imaging for the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol 2004;14:5–13

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kirchin MA, Pirovano G, Spinazzi A. Gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA): an overview. Invest Radiol 1998; 33:798–809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kirchin MA, Pirovano G, Venetianer C, Spinazzi A. Safety assessment of gadobenate dimeglumine (Multihance): extended clinical experience from phase I studies to post-marketing surveillance. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14:281–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kirchin MA, Runge VM. Contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: safety update. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 14:426–435

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Knopp MV, Bourne MW, Sardanelli F, et al. Gadobenate dimeglumine in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: a dose response analysis and comparison with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Am J Roengenol 2003; 181:663–676

    Google Scholar 

  56. Knopp MV, Giesel FL, Radeleff J, von Tengg-Kobligk H. Bile-tagged 3D magnetic resonance colonography after exclusive intravenous administration of gadobenate dimeglumine, a contrast agent with partial hepatobiliary excretion. Invest Radiol 2001; 36:619–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Knopp MV, Giesel FL, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Radeleff J, Requardt M, Kirchin MA, Hentrich HR. Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography of the Run-off Vasculature: Intraindividual comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine with gadopentetate dimeglumine. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 17:694–702

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Knopp MV, Runge VM, Essig M, Hartman M, Jansen O, Kirchin MA, Moeller A, Seeberg AH, and Lodemann K-P. Primary and Secondary Brain Tumors at MR Imaging: Bicentric Intraindividual Crossover Comparison of Gadobenate Dimeglumine and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine. Radiology 2004; 230:55–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Knopp MV, Schoenberg SO, Rehm C et al. Assessment of Gadobenate Dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) for MR Angiography: Phase I Studies. Invest Radiol 2002; 37:706–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Konopke R, Kersting S, Saeger HD, Bunk A. Kontrastmittelsonographie in der Detektion von Leberraumforderungen-Vergleich zum intraoperativen Befund. Detection of liver lesions by contrast-enhanced ultrasound-comparison to intraoperative findings. Ultraschall Med 2005; 26(2):107–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kopp AF, Heuschmid M, Claussen CD. Multidetector helical CT of the liver for tumor detection and characterization. Eur Radiol 2002; 12(4):745–52

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Kroencke TJ, Wasser MN, Pattynama PMT et al. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries. AJR 2002; 179:1573–1582

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kubaska S, Sahani DV, Saini S, Hahn PF, Halpern E. Dual contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the liver with superparamagnetic iron oxide followed by gadolinium for lesion detection and characterization. Clin Radiol 2001; 56:410–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Larson RE, Semelka RC, Bagley AS, Molina PL, Brown ED, Lee JK. Hypervascular malignant liver lesions: comparison of various MR imaging pulse sequences and dynamic CT. Radiology 1994; 192:393–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Lee VS, Rofsky NM, Morgan GR, Teperman LW, Krinsky GA, Berman P, Weinreb JC. Volumetric mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced cholangiography to define intrahepatic biliary anatomy. Am J Roentgenol 2001; 176:906–908

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Lim JS, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim SI, Choi JS, Park MS, Oh YT, Yoo HS, Lee JT, Kim KW. Preoperative MRI of potential living-donor-related liver transplantation using a single dose of gadobenate dimeglumine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 185(2):424–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lim KO, Stark DD, Leese PT, Pfefferbaum A, Rocklage SM, Quay SC. Hepatobiliary MR imaging: first human experience with MnDPDP. Radiology. 1991;178(1):79–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Liou J, Lee JK, Borrello JA, Brown JJ. Differentiation of hepatomas from nonhepatomatous masses: use of Mn-DPDP-enhanced MR images. Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 12:71–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Low RN, Francis IR, Sigeti JS, Foo TK. Abdominal MR imaging: comparison of T2-weighted fast conventional spin-echo, and contrast-enhanced fast multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled imaging. Radiology 1993; 186:803–811

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Low RN. Contrast agents for MR imaging of the liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:56–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Löwe A, Balzer T, Hirt U. Interference of gadolinium-containing contrast-enhancing agents with colorimetric calcium laboratory testing. Invest Radiol 2005; 40:521–525

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mahfouz AD, Hamm B, Taupitz M, Wold KJ. Hypervascular liver lesions: differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from malignant tumors with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1993; 186:133–138

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mahfouz AE, Hamm B, Wolf KJ. Peripheral washout: a sign of malignancy on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR images of focal liver lesions. Radiology 1994; 190:49–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mathieu D, Rahmouni A, Anglade MC, Falise B, Beges C, Gheung P, Mollet JJ, Vasile N. Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: assessment with contrast-enhanced Turbo-FLASH MR imaging. Radiology 1991; 180:25–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mayo-Smith WW, Saini S, Slater G, Kaufman JA, Sharma P, Hahn PF. MR contrast material for vascular enhancement: value of supermagnetic iron oxide. Am J Roentgenol 1996; 166:73–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mayo-Smith WW, Schima W, Saini S, Slater GJ, Mc-Farland EG. Pancreatic enhancement and pulse sequence analysis using low dose mangafodipir trisodium. Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:649–652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Misselwitz B, Muhler A, Weinmann HJ. A toxicological risk for using manganese complexes? A literature survey of existing data through several medical specialities. Invest Radiol 1995; 30:611–620

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Murakami T, Baron RL, Peterson MS, Oliver JH 3rd, Davis PL, Confer SR, Federle MP. Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging with mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP). Radiology 1996; 200:69–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Nelson KL, Gifford LM, Lauber-Huber C, Gross CA, Lasser TA. Clinical safety of Gd-DTPA. Radiology 1995; 196: 439–443

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Niendorf HP, Kallend D. Gadolinium chelates: adverse reactions. In: Dawson P, Cosgrove DO, Grainger RG (eds): Textbook of contrast media. ISIS Medical Media, Oxford, UK; 1999,323–332

    Google Scholar 

  81. Oi H, Murakami T, Kim T, Matsushita M, Kishimoto H, Nakamura H. Dynamic MR imaging and early-phase helical CT for detection small of intrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Roentgenol 1996; 366:36–374

    Google Scholar 

  82. Olukotun AY, Parker JR, Meeks MJ, Lucas MA, Fowler DR, Lucas TR. Safety of gadoteridol injection: U.S. clinical trial experience. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 5:17–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Oudkerk M, Torres CG, Song B, Konig M, Grimm J, Fernandez-Cuadrado J, Op de Beeck B, Marquardt M, van Dijk P, Cees de Groot J. Characterization of liver lesions with mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR imaging: multicenter study comparing MR and dual-phase spiral CT. Radiology 2002; 223:517–524

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Oudkerk M, van den Heuvel AG, Wielopolski PA, Schmitz PIM, Borel Rinke IHM, Wiggers T. Hepatic lesions: detection with ferumoxide-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 1997; 203:449–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pauleit D, Textor J, Bachmann R, Conrad R, Flacke S, Layer G, Kreft S, Schild H. Hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with gadolinium-and ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging of the liver. Radiology 2002; 222:73–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Pediconi F, Catalano C, Occhiato R, Venditti F, Fraioli F, Napoli A, Kirchin MA, Passariello R. Breast lesion detection and characterization at contrast-enhanced MR mammography: gadobenate dimeglumine versus gadopentetate dimeglumine. Radiology 2005; 237:45–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Petersein J, Spinazzi A, Giovagnoni A, Soyer P, Terrier F, Lencioni R, Bartolozzi C, Grazioli L, Chiesa A, Manfredi R, Marano P, Van Persijn Van Meerten EL, Bloem JL, Petre C, Marchal G, Greco A, McNamara MT, Heuck A, Reiser M, Laniado M, Claussen C, Daldrup HE, Rummeny E, Kirchin MA, Pirovano G, Hamm B. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Gadobenate Dimeglumine in MR Imaging of Focal Liver Lesions: a Multicenter Phase III Clinical Study. Radiology 2000; 215:727–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Pintaske J, Martirosian P, Graf H, et al. Relaxivity of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist®), gadobutrol (Gadovist®) and gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance®) in human blood plasma at 0.2 T, 1.5 T and 3 T. Invest Radiol 2006; In press.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Pirovano G, Vanzulli A, Marti-Bonmati L, Grazioli L, Manfredi R, Greco A, Holzknecht N, Daldrup-Link HE, Rummeny E, Hamm B, Arneson V, Imperatori L, Kirchin MA, Spinazzi A. Evaluation of the accuracy of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging in the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Am J Roentgenol 2000; 175:1111–1120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Prince MR, Erel HE, Lent RW, et al. Gadodiamide administration causes spurious hypocalcemia. Radiology 2003; 227:639–646

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Proctor KAS, Lokinendi VR, Roberts WL. Gadolinium magnetic resonance contrast agents produce analytic interference in multiple serum assays. Am J Clin Pathol 2004; 121:282–292

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Prokop M, Schneider G, Vanzulli A, Goyen M, Ruehm SG, Douek P, Dapra M, Pirovano G, Kirchin MA, Spinazzi A. Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography of the Renal Arteries: Blinded Multicenter Crossover Comparison of Gadobenate Dimeglumine and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine. Radiology 2005; 234:399–408

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Quaia E, Calliada F, Bertolotto M, Rossi S, Garioni L, Rosa L, Pozzi-Mucelli R. Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-specific US modes and a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent: diagnostic performance and confidence. Radiology 2004; 232(2):420–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Reimer P, Kwong KK, Weisskoff R, Cohen MS, Brady TJ, Weissleder R. Dynamic signal intensity changes in liver with superparamagnetic MR contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 1992; 2:177–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Reimer P, Muller M, Marx C, Wiedermann D, Muller R, Rummeny EJ, Ebert W, Shamsi K, Peters PE. T1 effects of a bolus-injectable superparamagnetic iron oxide, SH U 555 A: dependence on field strength and plasma concentration — preliminary clinical experience with dynamic T1-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 1998; 209:831–836

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Reimer P, Rummeny EJ, Daldrup HE, Balzer T, Tombach B, Berns T, Peters PE. Clinical results with Resovist: A phase II clinical trial. Radiology 1995; 195:489–496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Reimer P, Rummeny EJ, Shamsi K, Balzer T, Daldrup HE, Tombach B, Hesse T, Berns T, Peters PE. Phase II clinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA: dose, safety aspects, and pulse sequences. Radiology 1996; 199:177–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Reimer P, Schneider G, Schima W. Hepatobiliary contrast agents for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development and applications. Eur Radiol 2004; 14(4):559–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Rofsky NM, Earls JP. Mangafodipir trisodium injection. A contrast agent for abdominal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am 1996; 4:73–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Rohrer M, Bauer H, Mintorovitch J, Requardt M, Weinmann HJ. Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol 2005; 40:715–724.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Ros PR, Freeny PC, Harms SE, Seltzer SE, Davis PL, Chan TW, Stillman AE, Muroff LR, Runge VM, Nissenbaum MA, et al. Hepatic MR imaging with ferumoxides: a multicenter clinical trial of the safety and efficacy in the detection of focal hepatic lesions. Radiology 1995; 196:481–488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Rummeny EJ, Torres CG, Kurdziel JC, Nilsen G, Op de Beeck B, Lundby B. Mn-DPDP for MR imaging of the liver. Results of an independent image evaluation of the European Phase III studies. Acta Radiol 1997; 38:638–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Runge VM, Armstrong MR, Barr RG, Berger BL, Czervionke LF, Gonzalez CF, Halford HH, Kanal E, Kuhn MJ, Levin JM, Low RN, Tanenbaum LN, Wang AM, Wong W, Yuh WT, Zoarski GH. A clinical comparison of the safety and efficacy of MultiHance (gadobenate dimeglumine) and Omniscan (gadodiamide) in magnetic resonance imaging in patients with central nervous system pathology. Invest Radiol 2001; 36:65–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Runge VM, Lee C, Williams NM. Detectability of small liver metastases with gadolinium BOPTA. Invest Radiol 1997; 32:557–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Runge VM, Pels Rijcken TH, Davidoff A, Wells JW, Stark DD. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4:281–289

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Runge VM. A comparison of two MR hepatobiliary gadolinium chelates: Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1998; 22:643–650

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Runge VM. Safety of approved MR contrast media for intravenous injection. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12:205–213

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Sahani DV, O’Malley ME, Bhat S, Hahn PF, Saini S. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver with mangafodipir trisodium: imaging technique and results. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2002 26:216–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Sahani DV, Saini S, Kalra MK, Michael M, Hahn PF. Liver lesion detection and characterization with sequential use of hepatobiliary contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium and gadolinium-DTPA in a single imaging protocol. Acad Radiol 2002; 9(Suppl 2):460–2

    Google Scholar 

  110. Saini S, Edelman RR, Sharma P, Li W, Mayo-Smith W, Slater GJ, Eisenberg PJ, Hahn PF. Blood-pool MR contrast agent material for detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions. Initial clinical experience with superparamagnetic iron oxide (AMI-227). Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:1447–1152

    Google Scholar 

  111. Sandstede JJW, Beer M, Lipke C, Pabst T, Kenn W, Harre K, Neubauer S, Hahn D. Time course of contrast enhancement patterns after Gd-BOPTA in correlation to myocardial infarction and viability: a feasibility study. JMRI 2001; 14:789–794

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Sardanelli F, Iozzelli A, Fausto A, Carriero A, Kirchin MA. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging breast vascular maps: association between invasive cancer and ipsilateral increased vascularity. Radiology 2005; 235:791–797

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Schering AG, Berlin. Magnevista. Nierengängiges paramagnetisches Kontrastmittel für die magnetische Resonanztomographie (MRT). 1987

    Google Scholar 

  114. Schlund JF, Semelka RC, Kettritz U, Eisenberg LB, Lee JKT. Transient increased segmental hepatic enhancement distal to portal vein obstruction on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced gradient echo MR images. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 4:375–377

    Google Scholar 

  115. Schneider G, Kirchin MA, Pirovano G, Colosimo C, Ruscalleda J, Korves M, Salerio I, La Noce A, Spinazzi A. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial metastases: effect of dose on lesion detection and delineation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14:525–539

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Schneider G, Maas R, Schultze Kool L, Rummeny E, Gehl HB, Lodemann K, Kirchin MA. Low-dose gadobenate dimeglumine versus standard dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the liver: an intra-individual crossover comparison. Invest Radiol 2003; 38:85–94

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Schoellnast H, Brader P, Oberdabernig B, Pisail B, Deutschmann HA, Fritz GA, Schaffler G, Tillich M. High-concentration contrast media in multiphasic abdominal multidetector-row computed tomography: effect of increased iodine flow rate on parenchymal and vascular enhancement. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005; 29(5):582–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Mahler M, Röll G, Maibauer R, Schmitz S. Pharmacokinetics of the liver-specific contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA in relation to contrast enhanced liver imaging in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 37:587–596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Schmitt-Willich H, Press WR, Negishi C, Weinmann HJ, Speck U. Preclinical evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA as a contrast agent in MR imaging of the hepatobiliary system. Radiology 1992; 183:59–64

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Schuhmann-Giampieri G. Liver contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging. Interrelations between pharmacokinetics and imaging. Invest Radiol 1993; 28:753–761

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Schwartz LH, Seltzer SE, Tempany CM, Silverman SG, Piwnica-Worms DR, Adams DF, Herman L, Herman LA, Hooshmand R. Superparamagnetic iron oxide hepatic MR imaging: efficacy and safety using conventional and fast spin-echo pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 5:566–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Semelka RC, Helmberger TKG. Contrast agents for MR imaging of the liver. Radiology 2001;218:27–38

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Semelka RC, Martin DR, Balci C, Lance T. Focal liver lesions: comparison of dual-phase CT and multisequence multiplanar MR imaging including dynamic gadolinium enhancement. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 13(3):397–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Semelka RC, Worawattanakul S, Kelekis NL, John G, Woosley JT, Graham M, Cance WG. Liver lesion detection, characterization, and effect on patient management: comparison of single-phase spiral CT and current MR techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:1040–1047

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Seneterre E, Taourel P, Bouvier Y, Pradel J, VanBeers B, Daures JP, Pringot J, Mathieu D, Bruel JM. Detection of hepatic metastases: ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging versus unenhanced MR imaging and CT during arterial portography. Radiology 1996; 200:785–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Shamsi K, Balzer T, Saini S, Ros PR, Nelson RC, Carter EC, Tollerfield S, Niendorf HP. Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A): evaluation of efficacy in three doses for hepatic MR imaging. Radiology 1998; 206:365–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Shellock FG, Kanal E. Safety of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10:477–484

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Solomon R. The role of osmolality in the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy: a systematic review of angiographic contrast media in high risk patients. Kidney International 2005; 68:2256–2263

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Spinazzi A, Lorusso V, Pirovano G, Kirchin M. Safety, tolerance, biodistribution and MR imaging enhancement of the liver with gadobenate dimeglumine. Acad Radiol 1999; 6:282–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Spinazzi A, Lorusso V, Pirovano G, Taroni P, Kirchin M, Davies A. MultiHance clinical pharmacology: biodistribution and MR enhancement of the liver. Acad Radiol 1998; 5:86–89

    Google Scholar 

  131. Stillman AE, Wilke N, Li D, Haacke M, McLachlan S. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide to enhance MRA of the renal and coronary arteries: Studies in human patients. J Comput Assist Tomog 1996; 20:51–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Swan SK, Baker JF, Free R, Tucker RM, Barron B, Barr R, Seltzer S, Gazelle GS, Maravilla KR, Barr W, Stevens GR, Lambrecht LJ, Pierro JA. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of gadoversetamide injection (Optimark) in subjects with central nervous system or liver pathology and varying degrees of renal function. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 9:317–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Tang Y, Yamashita Y, Arakawa A, Namimoto T, Mitsuzaki K, Abe Y, Katahira K, Takahashi M. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma arising in cirrhotic livers: comparison of gadolinium-and ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172:1547–1554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Tanimoto A, Wakabayashi G, Shinmoto H, Nakatsuka S, Okuda S, Kuribayashi S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging for focal hepatic lesions: a comparison with CT during arterioportography plus CT during hepatic arteriography. J Gastroenterol 2005; 40(4):371–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Tirkkonen B, Aukrust A, Couture E, Grace D, Haile Y, Holm KM, Hope H, Larsen A, Lunde HS, Sjogren CE. Physicochemical characterization of mangafodipir trisodium. Acta Radiol 1997;38:780–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Tweedle MF. Physicochemical properties of gadoteridol and other magnetic resonance contrast agents. Invest Radiol 1992; 27:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  137. Vogl TJ, Hamm B, Schnell B, Eibl-Eibesfeldt B, Steiner S, Lissner J. Focal liver lesions: MR imaging with Mn-DPDP-initial clinical results in 40 patients. Radiology 1991; 182:167–174

    Google Scholar 

  138. Vogl TJ, Hammerstingl R, Schwarz W, Kummel S, Muller PK, Balzer T, Lauten MJ, Balzer JO, Mack MG, Schimpfky C, Schrem H, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus P, Felix R. Magnetic resonance imaging of focal liver lesions: comparison of the superparamagnetic iron oxide Resovist versus gadolinium in the same patient. Invest Radiol 1996;31:696–708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Vogl TJ, Hammerstingl R, Schwarz W, Mack MG, Muller PK, Pegios W, Keck H, Eibl-Eibesfeldt A, Hoelzl J, Woessmer B, Bergman C, Felix R. Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced versus gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging for differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. Radiology 1996;198:881–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Vogl TJ, Kummel S, Hammerstingl R, Schellenbeck M, Schumacher G, Balzer T, Schwarz W, Muller PK, Bechstein WO, Mack MG, Sollner O, Felix R. Liver tumors: comparison of MR imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA. Radiology 1996; 200:59–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Vogler H, Platzek J, Schuhmann-Giampieri G, Frenzel T, Weinmann HJ, Raduchel B, Press WR. Pre-clinical evaluation of gadobutrol: a new, neutral, extracellular contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 1995; 21:1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Völk M, Strotzer M, Lenhart M, Seitz J, Manke C, Feuerbach S, Link J. Renal time-resolved MR angiography: quantitative comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadopentetate dimeglumine with different doses. Radiology 2001;220:484–488

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Wang C, Ahlstrom H, Ekholm S, Fagertun H, Hellstrom M, Hemmingsson A, Holtas S, Isberg B, Jonnson E, Lonnemark-Magnusson M, McGill S, Wallengren NO, Westman L. Diagnostic efficiency of Mn-DPDP in MR imaging of the liver: a phase III multicenter study. Acta Radiol 1997;38:643–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Wang C, Ahlstrom H, Eriksson B, Lonnemark M, McGill S, Hemmingsson A. Uptake of mangafodipir trisodium in liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998;8:682–686

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Ward J, Niak KS, Guthrie JA, Wilson D, Robinson PJ. Hepatic lesion detection: comparison of MR imaging after the administration of superparamagnetic iron oxide with dual-phase CT by using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology 1999; 210:459–466

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Ward J, Robinson PJ, Guthrie JA, Downing S, Wilson D, Lodge JP, Prasad KR, Toogood GJ, Wyatt JI. Liver metastases in candidates for hepatic resection: comparison of helical CT and gadolinium-and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2005; 237(1):170–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Weinmann HJ, Bauer H, Gries H, Radüchel B, Platzek J, Press WR. New contrast agents for MRI. In: Rinck PA (ed): Contrast and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.: European Workshop on Magnetic Resonance in Medecine, State University Mons, Belgium, 1989:135–48

    Google Scholar 

  148. Whitney WS, Herfkens RJ, Jeffrey RB, McDonnell CH, Li KC, Van Dalsem WJ, Low RN, Francis IR, Dabatin JF, Glazer GM. Dynamic breath-hold multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement for differentiating hepatic hemangiomas from malignancies at 1.5 T. Radiology 1993; 189:863–870

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Wikström J, Wasser MN, Pattynama PMT et al. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the pelvic arteries. Invest Radiol 2003; 38:504–515

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Yamashita Y, Mitsuzaki K, Yi T, Ogata I, Nishiharu T, Urata J, Takahashi M. Small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver damage: prospective comparison of detection with dynamic MR imaging and helical CT of the whole liver. Radiology 1996; 200:79–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Yamashita Y, Yamamoto H, Hirai A, Yoshimatsu S, Baba Y, Takahashi M. MR imaging enhancement with superparamagnetic iron oxide in chronic liver disease: Influence of liver dysfunction and parenchymal pathology. Abdom Imaging 1996; 21:318–323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Yoshida H, Itai Y, Ohtomo K, Kokubo T, Minami M, Yashiro N. Small hepatocellular carcinoma and cavernous hemangioma; differentiation with dynamic FLASH MR imaging with Gd-DTPA. Radiology1989; 171:339–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schneider, G., Grazioli, L., Saini, S. (2006). Contrast Agents for Liver MR Imaging. In: Schneider, G., Grazioli, L., Saini, S. (eds) MRI of the Liver. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0469-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0469-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0335-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0469-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics