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Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis pp 105–131Cite as

Changes in Cortical Bone Mineral and Microstructure with Aging and Osteoporosis

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Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 5))

Abstract

Microstructural and nanocompositional changes in bone’s fabric with age and osteoporosis have not been reviewed as much in-depth as the macroscale changes. This chapter discusses alterations in the size and shape of mineral crystallites as a function of aging and, also, as result of osteoporosis. The review also covers the variations in the microstructure, specifically, porosity, fraction of osteonal bone and collagen orientation. Besides the average values for these variables, the variation (i.e. heterogeneity) of these variables is also discussed. The observed results are discussed within the context of changes in the dynamics of remodeling with age and osteoporosis. Overall, there are discrepancies in the literature for a significant portion of the variables reported due to a host of issues such as the lack of statistical power, large scatter inherent in the biological data, variation of age-range, gender, anatomical region or the methodology employed to assess a given variable.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0620061.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India

    Janardhan Yerramshetty

  2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7222, USA

    Ozan Akkus

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7222, USA

    Ozan Akkus

  4. Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7222, USA

    Ozan Akkus

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  1. Janardhan Yerramshetty
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Correspondence to Ozan Akkus .

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  1. Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Barnes-Jewish Hospital Plaza 1, St. Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA

    Matthew J. Silva

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Yerramshetty, J., Akkus, O. (2012). Changes in Cortical Bone Mineral and Microstructure with Aging and Osteoporosis. In: Silva, M. (eds) Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2012_114

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