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Personalized Medicine with a Nanochemistry Twist pp 29–54Cite as

Nanoscopic Agents in a Physiological Environment: The Importance of Understanding Their Characteristics

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Part of the book series: Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ((TMC,volume 20))

Abstract

The application of nanotechnology in medicine signifies one of the most exciting developments in science over the last decade. Even though advancement has been made in nanoparticle engineering in terms of size, shape and surface functionalisation, the behaviour in vivo remains poorly characterised and understood. The potential impact of engineered nanomaterials on human health is strictly related to their behaviour in the biological environment. When in contact with biological fluids, nanoparticles spontaneously interact and adsorb proteins to dramatically change their surface properties. Thus, the nanoparticle surface acquires a new biological identity that will influence its stability and interaction with the cellular machinery, thereby affecting the nanoparticle biodistribution in vivo. This protein coating ‘expressed’ at the nanoparticle surface is what is ‘read’ by the cells. Consequently, methods to effectively study the structure and composition of this bio-nano interface have been emerging as key objectives in nanoscience. In this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the-art techniques for the physico-chemical characterisation of nanoparticle-protein complexes in the biological environment with particular emphasis on their impact on the efficiency and safety of a new generation of nanomedicines. We also highlight the barriers faced by nanomedicines for effective targeting and delivery in vivo.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AUT:

Aminoundecanoic thiol

BAM:

N-tert-butylacrylamide

BLM:

Bilayer lipid membrane

CD:

Circular dichroism

DCS:

Differential centrifugal sedimentation

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ENM:

Engineered nanomaterial

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

FCS:

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GBM:

Glioblastoma

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HSA:

Human serum albumin

i.v.:

Intravenous

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

ICP-MS/AES :

Inductively coupled plasma mass/atomic emission spectroscopy

IFP:

Interstitial fluid pressure

k off :

Dissociation rate constant

MPS:

Mononuclear phagocyte system

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NIPAM:

N-Isopropylacrylamide

NLS:

Nuclear localisation signal

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NP:

Nanoparticle(s)

PC:

Protein corona

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PS:

Polystyrene

QCM:

Quartz-crystal microbalance

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

SANS:

Small angle neutron scattering

SAXS:

Small angle X-ray scattering

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SEC:

Size exclusion chromatography

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

Tf:

Transferrin

TfR:

Transferrin receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK

    Victoria Sherwood, Desirè Di Silvio & Francesca Baldelli Bombelli

  2. CEN-European Centre for Nanomedicine c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Francesca Baldelli Bombelli

Authors
  1. Victoria Sherwood
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  2. Desirè Di Silvio
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  3. Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francesca Baldelli Bombelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champain, Urbana, Illinois, USA

    Dipanjan Pan

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© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Sherwood, V., Di Silvio, D., Baldelli Bombelli, F. (2013). Nanoscopic Agents in a Physiological Environment: The Importance of Understanding Their Characteristics. In: Pan, D. (eds) Personalized Medicine with a Nanochemistry Twist. Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2013_36

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