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The Expanding Cell pp 7–31Cite as

Solute and Water Relations of Growing Plant Cells

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Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 6))

Abstract

Cell expansion requires the continuous uptake of water into cells, which in turn is driven through osmotic forces generated by accumulation of solutes. Herein, we assess the significance of water and solute transport across cell membranes as a rate-limiting step during cell expansion. Two membranes are considered, the tonoplast, which separates the largest intracellular storage compartment (vacuole) from the portion of the protoplasts where most enzymatic reactions take place (cytoplasm), and the plasma membrane, which constitutes the site of exchange between protoplasts and apoplast (cell wall). Most of the solutes that generate the bulk of osmolality are heterogeneously distributed between cells, tissues and cell compartments, and this heterogeneity must be taken into consideration in studies on growth. Because of differences in transmembrane potential at the plasma membrane (significantly negative) and tonoplast (close to zero), ion channels and transporters are likely to make different contributions to solute transport across these two membranes. The osmotic permeability of the tonoplast exceeds that of the plasma membrane by a factor of 100. This aids cell-internal osmotic equilibration and renders the plasma membrane rate-limiting for water uptake into cells or trans-cellular water transport. Candidate aquaporins, ion channels and transporters which could mediate solute and water transport specifically into growing cells are reviewed in this work.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, UK), the Leverhulme Trust (UK), The Royal Society London and The Royal Society Edinburgh (to W.F.) and by grants from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy and the Communauté française de Belgique-Actions de Recherches Concertées (to F.C.). Wieland Fricke would like to thank Vadim Volkov (Paisley and Glasgow University), Alexandre Boscari (Paisley and Nice University), Mathilde Clément (Paisley and Nice University), Anna Amtmann (Glasgow University), Tony Miller (Rothamsted, Harpenden), Tim Flowers (Sussex University), Charles Hachez (Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium) and the entire aquaporin team at Lund University (in particularly Per Kjellbom and Erik Alexandersson) for their help and lots of discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Paisley, PA1 2BE, Paisley, Scotland, UK

    Wieland Fricke

  2. School of Biology and Evironmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Wieland Fricke

  3. Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5-15, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    François Chaumont

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  1. Wieland Fricke
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  2. François Chaumont
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Correspondence to François Chaumont .

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Jean-Pierre Verbelen Kris Vissenberg

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Fricke, W., Chaumont, F. (2006). Solute and Water Relations of Growing Plant Cells. In: Verbelen, JP., Vissenberg, K. (eds) The Expanding Cell. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_2006_069

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