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Mode of Action of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators During Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis: Molecular Aspects

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Somatic Embryogenesis

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 2))

Abstract

Plant hormones play critical roles in the establishment of somatic embryogenesis. During this process, somatic plant cells reverse their state of differentiation, acquire pluripotentiality and set up a new developmental program. The identification of the regulatory mechanisms that govern the key events of somatic embryogenesis requires molecular and genetic investigations. One critical issue is how plant hormones and growth regulators act to mediate somatic embryogenesis. Do they function as simple stimuli or participate directly, as central signals, in the reprogramming of the somatic cells towards an embryogenic fate? The latter scenario is now well supported by a number of studies that provide evidence of close interconnections between plant hormones and the molecular pathways that control somatic embryogenesis, including chromatin remodeling, gene expression patterning, reactivation of cell cycle and division and regulation of protein turnover. In this chapter we describe recent advances in the understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. The roles and mode of action of plant hormones are especially emphasized.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABP1:

Auxin binding protein 1

ARF:

Auxin-response factors

aza-C:

5-Azacytidine

BBM :

BABY BOOM

BAP:

Benzylaminopurine

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

DD-RT PCR:

Differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GA:

Gibberellin

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

LEC :

LEAFY COTYLEDON

NAA:

Naphthalene acetic acid

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

PH:

Plant hormone

PKL :

PICKLE

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

(SERK):

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE

(WUS):

WUSCHEL

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  1. Plant Molecular Biology, CRP-Santé, Bâtiment modulaire, 84 Val Fleuri, 1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

    Clément Thomas

  2. CIGRAS, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San Pedro, Costa Rica

    Víctor M. Jiménez

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Correspondence to Clément Thomas .

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A. Mujib Jozef Šamaj

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Thomas, C., Jiménez, V.M. Mode of Action of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators During Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis: Molecular Aspects. In: Mujib, A., Šamaj, J. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_040

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