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Trends in Pesticide Transport into the River Rhine

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The Rhine

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC5,volume 5L))

Abstract

The occurrence of relevant pesticides in the River Rhine and two of its tributaries is presented over a period of ten years. Trace determinations of 66 target pesticides and their metabolites in water from the River Main and the River Nidda were performed on continuously sampled wastewater and surface water utilizing different solid phase extraction protocols and detection by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, directly or after derivatization. The transport rates of pesticides in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface waters were determined from data obtained in 1994, and these show that WWTPs contribute significantly to the pesticide pollution in the surface water. A trial education program providing improved methodology, spraying equipment and support to farmers living close to a single WWTP lead to a drastic reduction (more than 90%) in the total pesticide transport caused by this WWTP.

During two extensive sampling campaigns in 1999 and 2000, mixed samples from a total of 106 (for 1999) and 35 (for 2000) WWTPs in agricultural used areas from Hesse (Germany) were investigated for selected priority pesticides and metabolites. In this case, the mitigation measures mentioned above were found to be unsuccessful overall, which is most likely attributable to less interaction with the pesticide users as compared to projects in small villages with high public attention.

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Abbreviations

50-P/90-P:

50-percentile/90-percentile

AIPA:

Anthranilic acid isopropylamide

AMPA:

Aminomethylphosphonic acid

GC:

Gas chromatography

GLY:

Glyphosate

IPU:

Isoproturon

LOD:

Limit of detection

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NPD:

Nitrogen phosphor detector

n.d.:

No data

PAC:

Phenoxyalkane carboxylates

PU:

Phenyl ureas

Rt:

Retention time

SIM:

Single ion monitoring

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

LC:

Liquid chromatography

GC:

Gas chromatography

MS:

Mass spectrometry

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acid

MCPA:

(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid

MCPP:

Mecoprop; (RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid

2,4,5-T:

2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acid

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the European Commission (6th Framework programme, Project Aqua Terra GOCE-CT-2005-505428, www.eu-aquaterra.de). We thank Stanislava Gabriel (Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Wiesbaden) for providing us with data and helpful contributions in carrying out this work. We also acknowledge proofreading and helpful discussions of Dr. Friedhelm Karrenbrock, Rheinenergie Köln.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Europa University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Limburger Straße 2, 65510, Idstein, Germany

    M. Peschka, J. Müller & T. P. Knepper

  2. Hessian Agency for the Environment and Geology, Rheingaustraße 186, 65203, Wiesbaden, Germany

    P. Seel

Authors
  1. M. Peschka
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  2. J. Müller
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  3. T. P. Knepper
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  4. P. Seel
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Correspondence to T. P. Knepper .

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Thomas P. Knepper

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Peschka, M., Müller, J., Knepper, T.P., Seel, P. Trends in Pesticide Transport into the River Rhine. In: Knepper, T.P. (eds) The Rhine. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5L. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_016

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