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Pigment Markers for Phytoplankton Production

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Book cover Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC2,volume 2N))

Abstract

Chlorophylls and carotenoids are commonly used as quantitative biomarkers for the composition and biomass of marine phytoplankton. This chapter provides an overview of the molecular diversity of pigment markers, their distribution across algal taxa (based on theories of plastid diversity through endosymbiosis), and their environmental variability. Three new methods for analysis of pigments by HPLC are compared with the original SCOR method. Guidelines for interpreting HPLC pigment chromatograms from field samples are given to determine the likely algal types present, thus enabling optimal computational analysis. Mathematical techniques for analysis of complex pigment data sets (multiple linear regression, inverse simultaneous equations and matrix factorization methods, using CHEMTAX software) are discussed. Methods for converting pigment data to carbon biomass are considered, with suggested strategies for improving biomass estimates.

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Abbreviations

But-fuco:

19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin

Chl:

Chlorophyll

Chl c 2-MGDG:

chlorophyll c 2-monogalactosyl diacylglyceride ester. A suffix, e.g. [18:4/ 14:0], denotes the chain lengths (18, 14) and the number of double bonds (4, 0) of the two esterified fatty acids, respectively

Chlide:

chlorophyllide

DMF:

dimethyl formamide

DV:

divinyl

Hex-fuco:

19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

IS:

internal standard

4-k Hex-fuco:

4-keto-19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin

MgDVP:

magnesium divinyl pheoporphyrin a 5 monomethyl ester

MV:

monovinyl

Neox:

neoxanthin

Np:

non-polar

SCOR:

Scientific Council for Oceanic Research

TBAA:

Tetrabutylammonium acetate

tr:

trace

Unk:

unknown

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Acknowledgments

Figure 5b was kindly provided by Laurie Van Heukelem. This work was supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres Programme through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (S.W. Wright), and CSIRO Marine Research (S.W. Jeffrey).

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  1. Australian Antarctic Division and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Channel Hwy, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia

    Simon W. Wright

  2. CSIRO Marine Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

    S. W. Jeffrey

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Correspondence to Simon W. Wright .

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John K. Volkman

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Wright, S.W., Jeffrey, S.W. Pigment Markers for Phytoplankton Production . In: Volkman, J.K. (eds) Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 2N. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2_003

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