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Removal of Personal Care Products Through Ferrate(VI) Oxidation Treatment

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Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 36))

Abstract

Personal care products (PCPs) have been widely used in daily life and continually introduced to the aquatic environment, posing potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Due to incomplete removal of PCPs in traditional wastewater and water treatment systems, advanced oxidation technologies can be applied to increase the removal efficiency of those PCPs. As a powerful oxidant, ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) has a great potential for removal of PCPs during water treatment. In this chapter, we firstly introduced the aqueous chemistry of Fe(VI); then critically reviewed the reaction mechanisms of Fe(VI) with typical PCPs by using removal rates, reaction kinetics, linear free-energy relationships, products identification, and toxicity evaluation; and finally discussed the removal of PCPs during water treatment by Fe(VI). Published phenolic and nitrogen-containing PCPs can be completely removed by Fe(VI) oxidation treatment except triclocarban. The reactions between the PCPs and Fe(VI) follows second-order reaction kinetics with the apparent second-order rate constants (k app) ranging from 7 to 1,111 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.0. The reactivity of Fe(VI) species with the PCPs has the following decreasing order of H2FeO4 > HFeO4 − > FeO4 2−, through the electrophilic oxidation mechanism. The phenolic PCPs can be transformed by Fe(VI) oxidation based on phenoxyl radical reaction, degradation, and coupling reaction. More importantly, the oxidation of each phenolic PCPs by Fe(VI) leads to the loss of its corresponding toxicity. The coexisting constituents present in source water have significant effects on PCP removal during Fe(VI) oxidation treatment. In practical applications, in situ production of Fe(VI) solution appears to be a promising technology for removal of PCPs during pilot and full-scale water treatment.

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Abbreviations

5CBT:

5-Chloro-1H-benzotriazole

5MBT:

5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole

ABTS:

2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)

AHTN:

7-Acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-tetralin

BP-3:

Benzophenone-3

BT:

1H-benzotriazole

BTs:

Benzotriazoles

DMBT:

5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole hydrate

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

Fe(III):

Ferric hydroxide

Fe(V):

Ferrate(V)

Fe(VI):

Ferrate(VI)

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

HA:

Humic acid

HBT:

1-Hydroxybenzotriazole

HHCB:

1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-γ-2-benzopyrane

I− :

Iodide

k app :

Apparent second-order rate constants

PCPs:

Personal care products

pK a :

Acid dissociation constants

RRLC–MS/MS:

Rapid resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

t 1/2 :

Half-life

TCC:

Triclocarban

TCS:

Triclosan

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Bin Yang & Guang-Guo Ying

Authors
  1. Bin Yang
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  2. Guang-Guo Ying
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Correspondence to Guang-Guo Ying .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz

  2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    Damià Barceló

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Yang, B., Ying, GG. (2014). Removal of Personal Care Products Through Ferrate(VI) Oxidation Treatment. In: Díaz‐Cruz, M., Barceló, D. (eds) Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 36. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2014_285

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