Abstract
Over the past decade, the doping of nonmetal elements in wide band-gap semiconductors such as TiO2 has been intensively investigated as an effective strategy of expanding the responsive solar spectrum of pristine semiconductors toward visible region. This chapter gives a review of this highly hot research topic. The fundamental principles involved and basic approaches are initially described. A range of nonmetal dopants are subsequently detailed with examples showing their effect on the photocatalytic performance such as pollutant degradation and water splitting under visible light. The problems simultaneously introduced by doping are also discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Nature 238(5358):37–38
Linsebigler AL, Lu GQ, Yates JT (1995) Chem Rev 95(3):735–758
Bard AJ, Fox MA (1995) Acc Chem Res 28(3):141–145
Walter MG, Warren EL, McKone JR, Boettcher SW, Mi QX, Santori EA, Lewis NS (2010) Chem Rev 110(11):6446–6473
Kudo A, Miseki Y (2009) Chem Soc Rev 38(1):253–278
Hernandez-Alonso MD, Fresno F, Suarez S, Coronado JM (2009) Energ Environ Sci 2(12):1231–1257
Inoue Y (2009) Energ Environ Sci 2(4):364–386
Kudo A (2003) Catal Surv Asia 7(1):31–38
Maeda K, Domen K (2007) J Phys Chem C 111(22):7851–7861
Maeda K, Teramura K, Domen K (2007) Catal Surv Asia 11(4):145–157
Chen XB, Shen SH, Guo LJ, Mao SS (2010) Chem Rev 110(11):6503–6570
Osterloh FE (2008) Chem Mater 20(1):35–54
Kato H, Asakura K, Kudo A (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125(10):3082–3089
Yi ZG, Ye JH, Kikugawa N, Kako T, Ouyang SX, Stuart-Williams H, Yang H, Cao JY, Luo WJ, Li ZS, Liu Y, Withers RL (2010) Nat Mater 9(7):559–564
Kudo A, Omori K, Kato H (1999) J Am Chem Soc 121(49):11459–11467
Yan HJ, Yang JH, Ma GJ, Wu GP, Zong X, Lei ZB, Shi JY, Li C (2009) J Catal 266(2):165–168
Tsuji I, Kato H, Kudo A (2005) Angew Chem Int Edit 44(23):3565–3568
Tsuji I, Kato H, Kobayashi H, Kudo A (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126(41):13406–13413
Maeda K, Takata T, Hara M, Saito N, Inoue Y, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127(23):8286–8287
Maeda K, Teramura K, Domen K (2008) J Catal 254(2):198–204
Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson JM, Domen K, Antonietti M (2009) Nat Mater 8(1):76–80
Hitoki G, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2002) Chem Commun 16:1698–1699
Sato J, Saito N, Yamada Y, Maeda K, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kobayashi H, Domen K, Inoue Y (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127(12):4150–4151
Ishikawa A, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124(45):13547–13553
Ishikawa A, Yamada Y, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2003) Chem Mater 15(23):4442–4446
Yang HG, Sun CH, Qiao SZ, Zou J, Liu G, Smith SC, Cheng HM, Lu GQ (2008) Nature 453(7195):638–641
Han XG, Kuang Q, Jin MS, Xie ZX, Zheng LS (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131(9):3152–3153
Chen JS, Tan YL, Li CM, Cheah YL, Luan DY, Madhavi S, Boey FYC, Archer LA, Lou XW (2010) J Am Chem Soc 132(17):6124–6130
Hashimoto K, Irie H, Fujishima A (2005) Jpn J Appl Phys 44(12):8269–8285
Asahi R, Morikawa T, Ohwaki T, Aoki K, Taga Y (2001) Science 293(5528):269–271
Fujishima A, Zhang XT, Tryk DA (2008) Surf Sci Rep 63(12):515–582
Chen X, Mao SS (2007) Chem Rev 107(7):2891–2959
Thompson TL, Yates JT (2006) Chem Rev 106(10):4428–4453
Gaya UI, Abdullah AH (2008) J Photochem Photobiol C 9(1):1–12
Nah YC, Paramasivam I, Schmuki P (2010) ChemPhysChem 11(13):2698–2713
Chatterjee D, Dasgupta S (2005) J Photochem Photobiol C 6(2–3):186–205
Di Valentin C, Finazzi E, Pacchioni G, Selloni A, Livraghi S, Paganini MC, Giamello E (2007) Chem Phys 339(1–3):44–56
Rehman S, Ullah R, Butt AM, Gohar ND (2009) J Hazard Mater 170(2–3):560–569
Zhang JL, Wu YM, Xing MY, Leghari SAK, Sajjad S (2010) Energ Environ Sci 3(6):715–726
Yates HM, Nolan MG, Sheel DW, Pemble ME (2006) J Photochem Photobiol A 179(1–2):213–223
Sun HQ, Wang SB, Ang HM, Tade MO, Li Q (2010) Chem Eng J 162(2):437–447
Ismail AA, Bahnemann DW (2011) J Mater Chem 21(32):11686–11707
Liu G, Wang LZ, Yang HG, Cheng HM, Lu GQ (2010) J Mater Chem 20(5):831–843
Navarro RM, Sanchez-Sanchez MC, Alvarez-Galvan MC, del Valle F, Fierro JLG (2009) Energ Environ Sci 2(1):35–54
Kitano M, Funatsu K, Matsuoka M, Ueshima M, Anpo M (2006) J Phys Chem B 110(50):25266–25272
Ghicov A, Macak JM, Tsuchiya H, Kunze J, Haeublein V, Frey L, Schmuki P (2006) Nano Lett 6(5):1080–1082
Maeda M, Watanabe T (2006) J Electrochem Soc 153(3):C186–C189
Sato S (1986) Chem Phys Lett 123(1–2):126–128
Irie H, Watanabe Y, Hashimoto K (2003) J Phys Chem B 107(23):5483–5486
Burda C, Lou YB, Chen XB, Samia ACS, Stout J, Gole JL (2003) Nano Lett 3(8):1049–1051
Gole JL, Stout JD, Burda C, Lou YB, Chen XB (2004) J Phys Chem B 108(4):1230–1240
Ihara T, Miyoshi M, Iriyama Y, Matsumoto O, Sugihara S (2003) Appl Catal A Environ 42(4):403–409
Sakthivel S, Kisch H (2003) ChemPhysChem 4(5):487–490
Chen XB, Burda C (2004) J Phys Chem B 108(40):15446–15449
Livraghi S, Paganini MC, Giamello E, Selloni A, Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128(49):15666–15671
Mitoraj D, Kisch H (2008) Angew Chem Int Edit 47(51):9975–9978
Nakamura R, Tanaka T, Nakato Y (2004) J Phys Chem B 108(30):10617–10620
Sathish M, Viswanathan B, Viswanath RP, Gopinath CS (2005) Chem Mater 17(25):6349–6353
Serpone N (2006) J Phys Chem B 110(48):24287–24293
Lindgren T, Mwabora JM, Avendano E, Jonsson J, Hoel A, Granqvist CG, Lindquist SE (2003) J Phys Chem B 107(24):5709–5716
Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G, Selloni A, Livraghi S, Giamello E (2005) J Phys Chem B 109(23):11414–11419
Sato S, Nakamura R, Abe S (2005) J Photochem Photobiol A 284(1–2):131–137
Khan SUM, Al-Shahry M, Ingler WB (2002) Science 297(5590):2243–2245
Irie H, Watanabe Y, Hashimoto K (2003) Chem Lett 32(8):772–773
Sakthivel S, Kisch H (2003) Angew Chem Int Edit 42(40):4908–4911
Park JH, Kim S, Bard AJ (2006) Nano Lett 6(1):24–28
Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G, Selloni A (2005) Chem Mater 17(26):6656–6665
Umebayashi T, Yamaki T, Itoh H, Asai K (2002) Appl Phys Lett 81(3):454–456
Umebayashi T, Yamaki T, Tanaka S, Asai K (2003) Chem Lett 32(4):330–331
Ohno T, Akiyoshi M, Umebayashi T, Asai K, Mitsui T, Matsumura M (2004) Appl Catal A Gen 265(1):115–121
Yu JC, Ho WK, Yu JG, Yip H, Wong PK, Zhao JC (2005) Environ Sci Technol 39(4):1175–1179
Hattori A, Tada H (2001) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 22(1–2):47–52
Hattori A, Shimoda K, Tada H, Ito S (1999) Langmuir 15(16):5422–5425
Vohra MS, Kim S, Choi W (2003) J Photochem Photobiol A 160(1–2):55–60
Yu JC, Yu JG, Ho WK, Jiang ZT, Zhang LZ (2002) Chem Mater 14(9):3808–3816
Yamaki T, Umebayashi T, Sumita T, Yamamoto S, Maekawa M, Kawasuso A, Itoh H (2003) Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res B 206:254–258
Li D, Haneda H, Labhsetwar NK, Hishita S, Ohashi N (2005) Chem Phys Lett 401(4–6):579–584
Zhao W, Ma WH, Chen CC, Zhao JC, Shuai ZG (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126(15):4782–4783
In S, Orlov A, Berg R, Garcia F, Pedrosa-Jimenez S, Tikhov MS, Wright DS, Lambert RM (2007) J Am Chem Soc 129(45):13790–13791
Chen D, Yang D, Wang Q, Jiang Z (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res 45(12):4110–4116
Hong X, Wang Z, Cai W, Lu F, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma N, Liu Y (2005) Chem Mater 17(6):1548–1552
Liu G, Chen Z, Dong C, Zhao Y, Li F, Lu GQ, Cheng H-M (2006) J Phys Chem B 110(42):20823–20828
Long MC, Cai WM, Wang ZP, Liu GZ (2006) Chem Phys Lett 420(1–3):71–76
Tojo S, Tachikawa T, Fujitsuka M, Majima T (2008) J Phys Chem C 112(38):14948–14954
Yu JC, Zhang LZ, Zheng Z, Zhao JC (2003) Chem Mater 15(11):2280–2286
Lin L, Lin W, Zhu YX, Zhao BY, Xie YC (2005) Chem Lett 34(3):284–285
Lin L, Lin W, Xie JL, Zhu YX, Zhao BY, Xie YC (2007) Appl Catal A Environ 75(1–2):52–58
Nowotny MK, Sheppard LR, Bak T, Nowotny J (2008) J Phys Chem C 112(14):5275–5300
Justicia I, Ordejon P, Canto G, Mozos JL, Fraxedas J, Battiston GA, Gerbasi R, Figueras A (2002) Adv Mater 14(19):1399–1402
Martyanov IN, Uma S, Rodrigues S, Klabunde KJ (2004) Chem Commun 21:2476–2477
Kuznetsov VN, Serpone N (2009) J Phys Chem C 113(34):15110–15123
Liu G, Zhao YN, Sun CH, Li F, Lu GQ, Cheng HM (2008) Angew Chem Int Edit 47(24):4516–4520
Zong X, Xing Z, Yu H, Chen Z, Tang F, Zou J, Lu GQ, Wang L (2011) Chem Commun 47(42):11742–11744
Nukumizu K, Nunoshige J, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2003) Chem Lett 32(2):196–197
Maeda K, Shimodaira Y, Lee B, Teramura K, Lu D, Kobayashi H, Domen K (2007) J Phys Chem C 111(49):18264–18270
Li D, Haneda H, Hishita S, Ohashi N (2005) Chem Mater 17(10):2596–2602
Liu G, Wang LZ, Sun CH, Chen ZG, Yan XX, Cheng L, Cheng HM, Lu GQ (2009) Chem Commun 11:1383–1385
Liu G, Wang LZ, Sun CH, Yan XX, Wang XW, Chen ZG, Smith SC, Cheng HM, Lu GQ (2009) Chem Mater 21(7):1266–1274
Liu G, Sun CH, Wang LZ, Smith SC, Lu GQ, Cheng HM (2011) J Mater Chem 21(38):14672–14679
Mrowetz M, Balcerski W, Colussi AJ, Hoffmann MR (2004) J Phys Chem B 108(45):17269–17273
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zong, X., Lu, G.(., Wang, L. (2013). Nonmetal Doping in TiO2 Toward Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalysis. In: Bahnemann, D., Robertson, P. (eds) Environmental Photochemistry Part III. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2013_249
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2013_249
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46794-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-46795-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)