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Risk Assessment of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Japan

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Chlorinated Paraffins

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 10))

Abstract

The objective of this chapter is to assess the ecological and human health risk of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) via the environment in Japan. First, release sources of SCCPs are identified based on the substance flow analysis, and the volume of their releases is estimated. Next, the behavior of SCCPs in the environment is estimated using a multimedia model, and the estimated SCCPs concentrations in the environment and food are validated with measured concentrations. Then, the endpoints and doses of SCCPs as the criteria for ecological and human health risk assessment are derived through the review of the existing toxicological data. Finally, risk characterization is performed based on the results of exposure assessment and dose-response assessment. As a result, it is determined that there is little need to be concerned about potential ecological risk to aquatic, sediment-dwelling, and soil-dwelling organisms in local areas and the regions in Japan. As far as human health risk is concerned, the Margins of exposure are 1.5 × 105 and 2.2 × 106, which are larger than uncertainty factors. Thus, it is determined that there is no significant human health risk via the environment.

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Abbreviations

BCF:

Bioconcentration factor

CPs:

Chlorinated paraffins

EA:

Environment agency

EUSES:

European union system for the evaluation of substances

FRCJ:

Flame retardant chemicals association of Japan

HC5 :

Hazard concentration 5

LCCPs:

Long-chain chlorinated paraffins

LOD:

Limit of detection

MCCPs:

Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins

MHLW:

Ministry of health, labor and welfare

MLIT:

Ministry of land, infrastructure and transport

MOE:

Margin of exposure

NOAEL:

No observed adverse effect level

NOEC:

No observed effect concentration

NOEL:

No observed effect level

NTP:

National toxicology program

PNEC:

Predicted no effect concentration

PRTR:

Pollutant release and transfer register

SCCPs:

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins

SRTI:

Statistical research and training institute

SS:

Suspended solid

SSD:

Species sensitivity distribution

TGD:

Technical guidance document

TRI:

Toxics release inventory

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Onogawa 16-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Kiyotaka Tsunemi

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  1. Kiyotaka Tsunemi
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Correspondence to Kiyotaka Tsunemi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM, Department of Chemistry and Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Netherlands

    Jacob Boer

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Tsunemi, K. (2009). Risk Assessment of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Japan . In: Boer, J. (eds) Chlorinated Paraffins. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry(), vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2009_35

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