Summary
In this article we introduce a new general method of representing trading structures as complex adjacency matrices and transforming these into Hermitian adjacency matrices which are linear self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space. The main advantages of the method are that no information is lost, no arbitrary decision on metrics is involved, and that all eigenvalues are real and, therefore, easily interpretable. The analysis of the resulting eigensystem helps in the detection of substructures and general patterns. While this approach is general, we apply the method in the context of analyzing market structure and behaviour based on the eigensystem of market transaction data and we demonstrate the method by analyzing the results of a political stock exchange for the 2002 federal elections in Germany.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Berlemann M. (2002) Comment on Gregor Brüggelambert and Arwed Crüger, Forrest Nelson and Reinhard Tietz, and Jörg Bochow, Peter Raupach and Mark Wahrenburg: What can we learn from experimental asset markets? In: Bolle and Lehmann-Waffenschmidt [2], pp. 251–257.
Bolle F., Lehmann-Waffenschmidt M. (eds.) (2002) Surveys in Experimental Economics: Bargaining, Cooperation and Election Stock Markets, Contribution to Economics, Heidelberg, Physica-Verlag.
Brüggelambert G., Crüger A. (2002) Election markets: Experiences from a complex experiment. In: Bolle and Lehmann-Waffenschmidt [2], pp. 167–191.
Bundeswahlleiter (2002) ABC der Bundestagswahl 2002. Technical report, Der Bundeswahlleiter, Wiesbaden.
Copeland T., Weston F. (1988) Financial Theory and Corporate Policy. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 3 edition.
Fama, E. F. (1970) Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25(2):383–417.
Fama E. F. (1976) Efficient capital markets: Reply. Journal of Finance, 31(1):143–145.
Fama E. F. (1991) Efficient capital markets: II. Journal of Finance, 46(5):1575–1617.
Forsythe R., Nelson F., Neumann G. R., Wright J. (1992) Anatomy of an experimental political stock market. The American Economic Review, 82(5):1142–1161.
Froilán J. M., Dopico M., Molera J. M. (2000) Weyl-type relative perturbation bounds for eigensystems of hermitian matrices. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 309(1):3–18.
Geyer-Schulz A. (1991) An Introduction to Financial Accounting with APL2. Technical report, ACM SIGAPL, New York, N.Y..
Gomber P., Schweikert U. (2002) Der Market Impact: Liquiditätsmaß im elektronischen Wertpapierhandel. Die Bank.
Hayek F. A. (1935) The present state of the debate. In: Hayek F. A., (ed.) Collectivist Economic Planning, pp. 201–243, London.
Hayek F. A. (1945) The use of knowledge in society. American Economic Review, 35:519–530.
Horn R., Johnson C. R. (1990) Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hoser B., Geyer-Schulz A. (2005) Eigenspectralanalysis of hermitian adjacency matrices for the analysis of group substructures. Journal of Mathematical Sociology. Accepted for publication.
Hurwicz L. (1973) The design of mechanisms for resource allocation. American Economic Review, 63(2):1–30.
Ipsen I. C. F. (2003) A note on unifying absolute and relative perturbation bounds. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 358:239–253.
Kato T. (1995) Perturbation Theory for Linear Operators. Springer, New York, 2 edition.
Kleinberg J. M. (1999) Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment. JACM, 46(5):604–632.
Latham M. (1985) Defining capital market efficiency. Technical report, Finance Working Paper 150, Institute for Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley.
Maddala G. S., Kim I.-M. (2001) Unit Roots, Contegration, and Structural Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Meyer C. D. (2000) Matrix Analysis and Applied Linear Algebra. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia.
Milgrom P., Roberts J. (1992) Economics, Organisation and Management. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1 edition.
Nelson F., Tietz R. (2002) Expectations and rational actions in an experimental financial market. In Bolle and Lehmann-Waffenschmidt [2], pp. 193–227.
Page L., Brin S., Motwani R., Winograd T. (1998) The Page Rank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Stanford University.
Pinches G. E., Kinney W. R. Jr. (1971) The measurement of the volatility of common stock prices. Journal of Finance, 26(1):119–125.
Roll R. (1984) A simple implicit measure of the effective bid-ask spread in an efficient market. The Journal of Finance, 39(4):1127–1139.
Rubinstein M. (1975) Securities market efficiency in an arrow-debreu economy. American Economic Review, 65(5):812–824.
Samuelson P. A. (1948) Consumption theory in terms of revealed preference. Economica, 15(60):243–253.
Shubik M. (1980) Market Structure and Behavior. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Simon H. A. (2000) Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organizations. Free Press, New York, 4 edition.
Smith V. L. (1976) Experimental economics: Induced value theory. American Economic Review, 66(2):274–279.
Spann M., Skiera B. (2003) Internet-based virtual stock markets for business forecasting. Management Science, 49(10):1310–1326.
Spann M., Skiera B. (2004) Einsatzmöglichkeiten virtueller Börsen in der Marktforschung. ZfB — Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft (Ergänzungsheft), (2):25–48.
Jaffe J., Ross S. A., Westerfield R. W. (2005) Corporate Finance. McGraw Hill, Boston, 7 edition.
Stone M. H. (1932) Linear Transformations in Hilbert Space and their Applications to Analysis, Vol. 15 of American Mathematical Society, Colloquium Publications. American Mathematical Society, New York.
Wasserman K., Faust S. (1994) Social Network Analysis, Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wellman B. (2001) Computer networks as social networks. Science, 293:2031–2034.
Wolfram Research Inc. (1999) Mathematica. Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, version 4 edition.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Franke, M., Geyer-Schulz, A., Hoser, B. (2006). On the Analysis of Asymmetric Directed Communication Structures in Electronic Election Markets. In: Billari, F.C., Fent, T., Prskawetz, A., Scheffran, J. (eds) Agent-Based Computational Modelling. Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1721-X_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1721-X_3
Publisher Name: Physica-Verlag HD
Print ISBN: 978-3-7908-1640-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-7908-1721-8
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)