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Cancer immunity

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Principles of Immunopharmacology

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Summary

The human immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating spontaneously arising tumors. However, tumors frequently interfere with the development and function of immune responses. With the recent advances in cellular and molecular immunology, strategies are now being developed that effectively and safely augment antitumor responses. These advances have enabled the characterization of so-called TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS (TAA) which can function as targets for the immune system. These TAA include peptides that can be recognized by T LYMPHOCYTES as they are presented by class I or II HLA molecules, or intact proteins or carbohydrates that are not presented by HLA molecules and are recognized by ANTIBODIES. TAA can be classified into (1) tissue-specific differentiation antigens, (2) ‘cancertestis’ antigens, (3) normally occurring antigens that are overexpressed, (4) fusion proteins, (5) mutational antigens, (6) virally encoded antigens and (7) minor histocompatibility antigens. Various forms of adoptive tumor immunotherapy have been developed, including (combinations of) CYTOKINES, monoclonal antibodies, and autologous cellular immunotherapy — initially using nonspecifi-cally expanded LYMPHOCYTES, later with expanded TAA-specific T cells derived from tumor infiltrates. The active forms of tumor immunotherapy include vaccination and allogeneic hematopoietic STEM CELL (HSC) transplantation. The latter is currently a standard treatment for hematological malignancies but still experimental for solid tumors. As HSC can be a life-long source of antitumor T cells, we believe that this approach has the potential to become a very powerful immunotherapeutic modality of cancer.

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Selected readings

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Oncology, Laboratory for Clinical and Tumor Immunology, Erasmus MC - Daniel den Hoed, P.O.Box 5201, 3008 AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Jan W. Gratama, Reno Debets & Ralph A. Willemsen

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  1. Jan W. Gratama
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  2. Reno Debets
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  3. Ralph A. Willemsen
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  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Frans P. Nijkamp

  2. PLIVA Research Institute Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Michael J. Parnham

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Gratama, J.W., Debets, R., Willemsen, R.A. (2005). Cancer immunity. In: Nijkamp, F.P., Parnham, M.J. (eds) Principles of Immunopharmacology. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7408-X_9

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