Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution and biological control of Chromolaena odorata

  • Chapter
Invasive Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects

Conclusions

Chromolaena odorata is a neotropical plant introduced to humid tropical Asia and Africa in the mid 1800 s. In the mid 1900s it became a weed problem in West, Central and Southern Africa, South and Southeast Asia and Micronesia. It is highly allelopathic and fire prone. It invades disturbed forests, vacant lands, wildlife reserves, riverbanks, pastures and plantation crops. Mechanical and chemical methods of controlling this weed are expensive and require repeated operations. Classical biological control has been implemented in several countries. The natural enemies Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata and Cecidochares connexa have been successfully introduced to several countries in Asia and Micronesia with positive results. Another natural enemy, Acalitus adoratus has been fortuitously introduced to Asia and Micronesia. The South African biotype of chromolaena is different from the biotype that invaded the rest of the world and the natural enemies which proved effective on the later biotype do not thrive on the former. The origin of the biotype of chromolaena in South Africa has been narrowed down to northern Caribbean region. Natural enemies from this region are being screened in South Africa.

Australia has implemented a program to eradicate chromolaena from a small area of infestation in northern Queensland. The Working Group of Chromolaena and the Chromolaena Network have been conducting International Workshops and publishing newsletters since 1988.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Muniappan R (1996) Biological control of Chromolaena odorata. In: PDS Caligari, DJN Hind (eds): Proceedings of the international compositae conference, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, Vol. 2: 333–347

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gautier L (1992) Taxonomy and distribution of a tropical weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King and H. Robinson. Candollea 47: 645–662

    Google Scholar 

  3. Voigt JO (1845) Hortus Suburbanus Calcuttensis, Calcutta, India

    Google Scholar 

  4. Clarke CB (1876) Compositae Indicae. Description et secus genera Benthamii ordinatae. Thakur, Spink and Company, Calcutta, India

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hooker JD (1882) Flora of British India: Vol III, Spottiswoode, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rao YR (1920) Lantana insects in India. Mem Dep Agric India, Entomol Ser Calcutta 5: 239–314

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sipayung A, Desmier de Chenon R, Sudharto PS (1991) Observations on Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson in Indonesia. BIOTROP Special Publication 44: 43–49

    Google Scholar 

  8. Grierson AJC (1980) Compositae. In: MD Dassanayake, FR Fosberg (eds): A revised Handbook of the flora of Ceylon, Vol. 1, A.A. Balkama, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 111–278

    Google Scholar 

  9. Biswas K (1934) Some foreign weeds and their distribution in India and Burma. Indian For 60: 861–865

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ivens GW (1974) The problem of Eupatorium odoratum L. in Nigeria. PANS 20: 76–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Delabarre M (1977) Incidence agronomique du developement de Eupatorium odoratum (Composee) en Cote d’ Ivoire. Thése. Universite Nationale de Cote d’Ivoire. Abidjan

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chevalier A (1952) Deux Composées permettant de lutter contre l’Imerata et empêchant la dégradation des sols tropicaux qu’il faudrait introduire rapidement en Afrique noire. Rev Int Bot Appl Agr Trop 32: 494–497

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wells MJ, Poynton RJ, Balsinhas AA, Musil KJ, Joffe H, van Hoepen, E, Abbott SK (1986) The history of introduction of invasive alien plants to southern Africa. In: IAW Macdonald, FJ Kruger, AA Ferrar (eds): The ecology and management of biological invasions in southern Africa, Oxford University Press, Cape Town, South Africa, 21–35

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zachariades C, Goodall JM (2002) Distribution, impact and management of Chromolaena odorata in southern Africa. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata. Durban, South Africa, 34–39

    Google Scholar 

  15. Liggitt B (1983) The invasive plant Chromolaena odorata, with regard to its status and control in Natal. Monograph 2. Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zachariades C, Strathie-Korrûbel LW, Kluge RL (1999) The South African programme on the biological control of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson (Asteraceae) using insects. Afr Entomol Memoir 1: 89–102

    Google Scholar 

  17. von Senger I, Barker NP, Zachariades C (2002) Preliminary phylogeography of Chromolaena odorata: finding the origin of South African weed. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 90–99

    Google Scholar 

  18. Waterhouse BM (1994) Discovery of Chromolaena odorata in northern Queensland, Australia. Chromolaena odorata Newslett 9: 1–2

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stone BC (1966) Further additions to the flora of Guam 3. Micronesica 2: 133–141

    Google Scholar 

  20. King RM, Robinson H (1970) Studies in the Eupatoriae (Compositae). 24: The genus Chromolaena. Phytologia 20: 196–209

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cruttwell McFadyen RE (1991) New approaches to the biological control of Chromolaena odorata in South-east Asia. BIOTROP Special Publication 44: 135–141

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ambika SR, Jayachandra (1980) Suppression of plantation crops by Eupatorium weed. Curr Sci 49: 874–875

    Google Scholar 

  23. Leslie AJ, Spotila JR (2001) Alien plant threatens Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) breeding in Lake St. Lucia, South Africa. Biol Conserv 98: 347–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Erasmus DJ (1988) A review of mechanical and chemical control of Chromolaena odorata in South Africa. In: R Muniappan (ed.): Proceedings of the first international workshop on biological control of Chromolaena odorata, Bangkok, Thailand, 34–40

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cruttwell McFadyen RE (1988) Phytophagous insects recorded from C. odorata. Chromolaena odorata Newsletter 2: 5–23

    Google Scholar 

  26. Waterhouse DF (1994) Biological control of weeds: South Asian prospects. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  27. Syed RA (1979) An attempt on biological control of Eupatorium odoratum L. f. in Sabah, Malasia. In: RC Shepherd (ed.): Proceedings of the sixth Asian-Pacific weed science society, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2: 459–466

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dharmadhikari PR, Perera PACR, Hassen TMF (1977) The introduction of Ammalo insulata for the control of Eupatorium odoratum in Sri Lanka. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin 18: 129–135

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chacko MJ, Narasimham AU (1988) Biocontrol attempts against Chromomolaena odorata in India-A review. In: R Muniappan (ed.): Proceedings of the first international workshop on biological control of Chromolaena odorata, Bangkok, Thailand, 65–79

    Google Scholar 

  30. Braimah H, Timbilla JA (2002) A decade of successful biological control of Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata, in Ghana: lessons and future plants. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 66–70

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ooi PAC, Sim CH, Tay EB (1988) Irregular recovery of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata in Sabah, Malaysia. In: R Muniappan (ed.): Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Biological Control of Chromolaena odorata, Bangkok, Thailand, 56

    Google Scholar 

  32. Aterrado ED (1986) Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata caterpillars on Chromolaena odorata: a new Philippine record. Philippines J Cococnut Sci 11: 59–60

    Google Scholar 

  33. Satheesan NV, Lyla KR, Joy PJ, Joseph D (1987) Establishment of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (= Ammalo insulata Walk.) an arctiid caterpillars, for the biological control of Chromolaena odorata. Agric Res J Kerala 25: 142–143

    Google Scholar 

  34. Muniappan R (1988) Pareuchaetes establishment. Chromolaena Newsletter 1: 2

    Google Scholar 

  35. Seibert TF (1989) Biological control of the weed, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), by Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Entomophaga 34: 531–539

    Google Scholar 

  36. Muniappan R, Sundaramurthy VT, Viraktamath CA (1989) Distribution of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) and bionomics and consumption and utilization of food by Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in India. In: ES Delfosse (ed.): Proceedings of VII international symposium on biological control of weeds, Rome, Italy, 401–409

    Google Scholar 

  37. Muniappan R, Marutani M, Denton GRW (1988) Introduction and establishment of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Arctiidae) against Chromolaena odorata in the Western Caroline Islands. J Biol Control 2: 141–142

    Google Scholar 

  38. Esguerra NM, William WS, Smith JR (1991) Status of biological control of the Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson on Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Ecology and Management of Chromolaena odorata, BIOTROP Special Publication No. 44: 99–104

    Google Scholar 

  39. Esguerra NM (1998) The Siam weed infestation in the Federated States of Micronesia-seven years of attempting to control it. In: P Ferrar, R Muniappan, KP Jayanth (eds): Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Biological Control and Management of Chromolaena odorata, Bangalore, India, 80–81

    Google Scholar 

  40. Timbilla JA (1996) Status of Chromolaena odorata biological control using Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata in Ghana. In: VC Moran, J Hoffman (eds): Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Stellenbauch, South Africa, 327–331

    Google Scholar 

  41. Desmier de Chenon R, Sipayung A, Sudharto P (2002) A decade of biological control against Chromolaena odorata at the Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute in Marihat. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 46–52

    Google Scholar 

  42. Orapa W, Bofeng I, Donnelly G (2002) Management of Chromolaena odorata in Papua New Guinea: Status of a biological control programme. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 40–45

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kluge RP, Caldwell PM (1996) Failure and frustration of biocontrol of Chromolaena odorata in South Africa. In: UK Prasad, R Muniappan, P Ferrar, JP Aeschliman, H de Foresta (eds): Proceedings of the third international Chromolaena workshop, Ivory Coast, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Guam, 169–173

    Google Scholar 

  44. Cruttwell RE (1973) Insects attacking Eupatorium odoratum in the Neotropics. 2. Studies of the seed weevil, Apion brunneonigrum BB and its potential use to control E. odoratum L. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin 16: 117–124

    Google Scholar 

  45. McFadyen REC (1993) The accidental introduction of the Chromolaena mite Acalitus adoratus into Southeast Asia. In: ES Delfosse, RR Scott (eds): Proceedings of the eighth international symposium on biological control of weeds, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand, 649–652

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cruttwell RE (1977) Insects and mites attacking Eupatorium odoratum L. in the Neotropics 5. Mescinia sp. nr. parvula (Zeller). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin 18: 49–58

    Google Scholar 

  47. Singh SP (1998) A review of biological suppression of Chromolaena odorata (Linnaeus) King and Robinson in India. In: P Ferrar, R Muniappan, KP Jayanth (eds): Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Bangalore, India, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Guam, Publication 216: 86–92

    Google Scholar 

  48. Napompeth B, Winotai A (1991) Progress on biological control of Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata in Thailand. Ecology and Management of Chromolaena odorata. BIOTROP Special Publication 44: 91–97

    Google Scholar 

  49. Muniappan R, Bamba J (2000) Biological control of Chromolena odorata: Successes and Failures. In: NR Spencer (ed.): Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Bozeman, Montana, 81–85

    Google Scholar 

  50. Cruttwell McFadyen RE, Desmier de Chenon R, Sipayung A (2003) Biology and host specificity of the chromolaena gall fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Aust J Entomol 42: 294–297

    Google Scholar 

  51. Desmier de Chenon R, Sipayung A, Sudharto P (2002) A new biological agent, Actinote anteas, introduced into Indonesia from South America for the control of Chromolaena odorata. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 170–176

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wilson CG, Wideyanto EB (2002) The biological control programme against Chromolaena odorata in eastern Indonesia. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 53–57

    Google Scholar 

  53. Esguerra NM (2002) Introduction and establishment of the tephritid gall fly Cecidochares connexa on Siam weed Chromolaena odorata, in the Republic of Palau. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 148–151

    Google Scholar 

  54. Aterrado ED, Bachiller NSJ (2002) Biological control of Chromolaena odorata: preliminary studies on the use of the gall forming fly, Cecidochares connexa in the Philippines. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 137–139

    Google Scholar 

  55. Orapa W, Bofeng I (2004) Mass production establishment and impact of Cecidochares connexa on chromolaena in Papua New Guinea. In: MD Day, RE McFadyen (eds): Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena, ACIAR Technical Report, 55: 30–35

    Google Scholar 

  56. Strathie LW, Zachariades C (2002) Biological control of Chromolaena odorata in South Africa: Developments in research and implementation. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 74–79

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zhigang L, Shichou H, Mingfang G, Lifeng L, Liying L, Desmier de Chenon R (2004) Rearing Actinote thalia pyrrha (Fabricius) and Actinote anteas (Doubleday and Hewitson) with cutting and potted Mikania micrantha kunth. In: MD Day, RE McFadyen (eds): Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena. ACIAR Technical Report, 55: 36–38

    Google Scholar 

  58. Zachariades C, Kluge RL, Neser S, Strathie LW (1998) Promising new candidates for the biocontrol of Chromolaena odorata. In: P Ferrar, R Muniappan, KP Jayanth (eds): Proceedings of the fourth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Bangalore, India, 73–79

    Google Scholar 

  59. Zachariades C, von Senger I, Barker NP (2004) Evidence for a northern Caribbean origin of the southern African biotype of Chromolaena odorata. In: MD Day, RE McFadyen (eds): Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena, ACIAR Technical Report, 55: 25–27

    Google Scholar 

  60. Waterhouse BM, Zeimer O (2002) ‘On the brink’: The status of Chromolaena odorata in Northern Australia. In: C Zachariades, R Muniappan, LW Strathie (eds): Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on biological control and management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban, South Africa, 29–33

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, 303 UOG Drive/UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam, 96923, USA

    R. Muniappan & G.V.P. Reddy

  2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, China

    Po-Yung Lai

Authors
  1. R. Muniappan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G.V.P. Reddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Po-Yung Lai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE) School of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Inderjit

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Birkhäuser Verlag/Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Muniappan, R., Reddy, G., Lai, PY. (2005). Distribution and biological control of Chromolaena odorata. In: Inderjit (eds) Invasive Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7380-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation