Skip to main content

Expert Systems and Artificial Neural Networks for Spatial Analysis and Modelling

Essential Components for Knowledge Based Geographical Information Systems

  • Chapter
Book cover Spatial Analysis and GeoComputation
  • 1651 Accesses

Abstract

The chapter outlines the general architecture of a knowledge based GISystem that has the potential to intelligently support decision making in a GIS environment. The efficient and effective integration of spatial data, spatial analytic procedures and models, procedural and declarative knowledge is through fuzzy logic, expert systems and neural network technologies. A specific focus of the discussion is on the expert system and neural network components of the system, technologies which had been relatively unknown in the GIS community at the time this chapter was written.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baldi P. and Hornik K. (1989): Neural networks and principal component analysis: Learning from examples without locall minima, Neural Networks 2, pp. 53–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter G.A. and Grossberg S. (1987): ART 2: Self-organisation of stable category recognition codes for analog input patterns, Applied Optics 26(3), pp. 4919–4930

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke M. (1990): Geographical information systems and model based analysis: Towards effective decision support systems. In: Scholten H.J. and Stillwell J.C.M. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems for Urban and Regional Planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 165–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M.M. and Gopal S. (1992): Neural networks models and interregional telephon traffic: Comparative performance comparisons between multiplayer feedforward networks and the conventional spatial interaction model, Paper presented at the Symposium of the IGU-Commission on Mathematical Modelling, Princeton, August 5–7, 1992 (=WSG-DP 27, Department of Economic and Social Geography, Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M.M. and Nijkamp P. (eds.) (1992): Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Modelling, and Policy Evaluation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild M.F. (1991): Progress on the GIS research agenda. In: Harts J., Ottens H.F.L. and Scholten H.J. (eds.) EGIS’ 91. Proceedings, Second European Conference on Geographical Information Systems, Volume 1, Utrecht: EGIS Foundation, pp. 342–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham I. (1989): Inside the inference engine. In: Forsyth R. (ed.) Expert Systems, Principles and Case Studies, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 57–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall C. (1992): Neural net technology: Ready for prime time? IEEE Expert 7(6), 2–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Halmari P.M. and Lundberg C.G. (1991): Bridging inter-and intra-corporate information flows with neural networks, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Miami, April 13–17, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecht-Nielsen R. (1990): Neurocomputing, Addison-Wesley, Reading [MA]

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopfield J.J. (1984): Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 81 (Biophysics), 3088–3092

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawaguchi A., Motoda H. and Mizoguchi R. (1991): Interview-based knowledge acquisition using dynamic analysis, IEEE Expert 8(5), 47–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim T.J., Wiggins L.L. and Wright J.R. (eds.) (1990): Expert Systems: Applications to Urban and Regional Planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, pp. 191–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S. and Nakamura K. (1991): Knowledge compilation and refinement for fault diagnosis, IEEE Expert 8(5), 39–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohonen T. (1984): Self-Organisation and Associative Memory, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung Y. (1992): Towards the development of an intelligent decision support system. In: Fischer M.M. and Nijkamp P. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems, Spatial Modelling, and Policy Evaluation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 131–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Mc’Lord Nelson M. and Illingworth W.T. (1990): A Practical Guide to Neural Nets, Addison-Wesley, Reading [MA]

    Google Scholar 

  • Openshaw S. (1992a): Modelling spatial interaction using a neural net. In: Fischer M.M. and Nijkamp P. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems, Spatial Modelling, and Policy Evaluation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 147–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Openshaw S. (1992b): Some suggestions concerning the development of artificial intelligence tools for spatial modelling and analysis in GIS. In: Fischer M.M. and Nijkamp P. (eds.) Geographical Information Systems, Spatial Modelling, and Policy Evaluation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp. 17–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Openshaw S. (1990): A spatial analysis research strategy for the Regional Research Laboratory Initiative, Regional Research Laboratory Initiative Discussion Paper No. 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Openshaw S., Cross A. and Charlton M. (1990): Building a prototype Geographical Correlates Exploration Machine, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 4, 297–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Openshaw S., Wymer C. and Charlton M. (1991): An evaluation of three neural net classifiers on census data for Britain, Paper presented at the 7th European Colloquium on Quantitative and Theoretical Geography, Hasseludden (Sweden), September 5–8, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelhart D.E., Hinton G.E. and Williams R.J. (1986): Learning representations by backpropagating errors, Nature 323, 533–536

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith T.R., Peuquet D., Menon S. and Agarwal P. (1987): KBGIS-II. A knowledge based geographical information system, International Journal of Geographic Information Systems 1, 149–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang F., Hall G.B. and Subaryono (1990): Fuzzy information representation and processing in conventional GIS software: Database design and application, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 4, 261–283

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Webster C. (1990): Rule-based spatial search, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 4, 241–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White R.W. (1989): The artificial intelligence of urban dynamics: Neural net modelling of urban structure, Papers of the Regional Science Association 67, 43–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson G.V. and Pawley G.S. (1988): On the stability of the traveling-salesman problem algorithm of Hopfield and Tank, Biological Cybernetics 58, 63–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2006). Expert Systems and Artificial Neural Networks for Spatial Analysis and Modelling. In: Spatial Analysis and GeoComputation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35730-0_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics