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Recent Insights into the Role of Host Innate and Acquired Immunity Responses

  • Conference paper
Book cover Chronic Viral and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy

Part of the book series: Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop ((SCHERING FOUND,volume 55))

Abstract

Viral myocarditis can present as dramatic heart failure in the young, and chronic indolent cardiomyopathy in the older adult. The outcome of the disease is still poor, associated with high mortality during long-term follow-up. Enteroviral myocarditis serves as an excellent model to understand virus and host interactions. The virus enters the target cells via collaborating receptors, and this process triggers an inflammatory response in the host. The immune reaction is a two-edged sword, with appropriate activation of the immune system capable of clearing the virus, but excessive activation leads to a chronic inflammatory process that triggers the remodeling of the heart and consequent clinical heart failure. Through genetic dissection strategies, we have identified that the acquired immune system is activated through the T cell receptor and signaling amplification systems, such as the tyrosine kinase p56lck, phosphatase CD45 and downstream ERK1/2, and the family of cytokines. This signaling system not only promotes inflammatory cell clonal expansion but paradoxically also promotes viral proliferation. The innate immune system is now recognized as playing an ever-expanding role in coordinating the host immune response through the Toll-like receptors, triggering downstream signaling adaptors such as MyD88, IRAK, and TRIF/IRFs. These lead to activation of cytokines or interferons, depending on the balance of the signal contributions. The ongoing research in this area should help us to understand the immune response of the heart to viral infection, while identifying potential targets for therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heart and Stroke, Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, NCSB 11-1266, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada

    P. Liu, K. Fuse, G. Chu, Y. Liu & A. Opavsky

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  1. P. Liu
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  2. K. Fuse
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  3. G. Chu
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  4. Y. Liu
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  5. A. Opavsky
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Germany

    H. -P. Schultheiss

  2. Specialized Therapeutics, M1/3-9, Berlex Inc., Montville, NJ, 07045, USA

    J. -F. Kapp

  3. Medical Development, Specialized Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Europe, Schering AG, 13342, Berlin, Germany

    G. Grötzbach

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Liu, P., Fuse, K., Chu, G., Liu, Y., Opavsky, A. (2006). Recent Insights into the Role of Host Innate and Acquired Immunity Responses. In: Schultheiss, H.P., Kapp, J.F., Grötzbach, G. (eds) Chronic Viral and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop, vol 55. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30822-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30822-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-23971-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30822-5

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