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Regeneration of virus-free plants through in vitro culture

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Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 18

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering ((ABE,volume 18))

Abstract

This article deals with the theories, methodology and practices of in vitro virus elimination. Viruses may be eradicated from infected stocks through meristem or callus cultures due to the low titre, or even absence, of viruses in plant meristems and what might be called “the viral elimination power of in vitro incubation”. The season and location of the buds obtained, as well as the explants' size, are important factors in virus elimination through meristem cultures. Heat treatment and high phytohormone concentrations frequently improve the results. Virus-free tissue sectors may arise from calli of infected plants. From such sectors viruse-free plants may regenerate. Nevertheless, the frequently occurring chromosome abnormalities in callus cultures may become a strong drawback for regenerating virus-free plants from callus. Rigid virus-testing procedures must be applied to reveal the virus-free status of the regenerated plants. The commonly used testing methods are briefly described. Methods employed for rapid in vitro mass-cloning of virus-free plants include: multiple shoot formation, in vitro layering, adventitious organogenesis, and in vitro storage organ induction. The resulting virus-free clones frequently exhibit an improved yield and quality. However, some of the mild virus strains display a ‘cross-protection’ effect. The removal of these viruses through tissue cultures may result in an outbreak of more severe diseases.

This work was supported in part by the multiple grants from National Science Council (ROC), Joint Commission on Rural Reconstration (ROC) and Taiwan Forest Bureau during 1970–1979, and funds from the ART Program of Wm. Paterson College of N.J.

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Abbreviations

BA:

N6-benzyladenine

CMV:

cucumber mosaic virus

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid

GA3 :

gibberellic acid

IAA:

3-indoleacetic acid

2iP:

N6-(2-isopentenyl)-adenine

NAA:

1-naphthaleneacetic acid

PVA:

potato virus A

PVG:

potato virus G

PVM:

potato virus M

PVS:

potato virus S

PVX:

potato virus X

PV:

potato virus Y

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

TMV:

tobacco mosaic virus

TYMV:

turnip yellow mosaic virus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (115), Republic of China

    P. J. Wang

  2. Biology Dept., Wm. Paterson College of N. J., 07470, Wayne, N. J., USA

    C. Y. Hu

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  1. P. J. Wang
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  2. C. Y. Hu
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A. Fiechter

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Wang, P.J., Hu, C.Y. (1980). Regeneration of virus-free plants through in vitro culture. In: Fiechter, A. (eds) Advances in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 18. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09936-0_3

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