Skip to main content

Wrist and Hand

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1643 Accesses

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Radiologists diagnosing overuse injuries in hand and wrist must have detailed knowledge of anatomy, sports specific biomechanics and sense of awareness of the sports specific pathology. Overuse injury in wrist and hand can occur in bones, tendons, ligaments, vessels and nerves. Plain film, with standardized PA and lateral films is the mainstay for initial imaging workup. MRI is extremely helpful, particularly when using a dedicated wrist coil and high field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) MR scanners. Routinely there is no need for MR arthrography

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ablett CT, Hackett LA (2008) Hypothenar hammer syndrome: case reports and brief overview. Clin Med Res 6:3–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American College of Radiology. Appropriateness criteria. www.acr.org

  • Ardèvol J, Henriquez A (2002) Hook of the hamate non-union: suspicion of stress-induced mechanism in a hockey player. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10:61–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arko FR, Harris EJ, Zarins CK, Olcott C IV (2001) Vascular complications in high-performing athletes. J Vasc Surg 33:935–942

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartelmann U, Kalb K, Schmitt R, Fröhner S (2001) Radiologic diagnosis of lunate necrosis. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 33:365–378

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bayer T, Schweizer A (2009) Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate as a result of intensive climbing. J Hand Surg Eur 34:276–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckers A, Koebke J (1998) Mechanical strain at the pisotriquetral joint. Clin Anat 11:320–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bespalchuk A, Okada K, Nishida J (2004) Stress fracture of the second metacarpal bone. Skeletal Radiol 33:537–540

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen SR, Robinson DG, Crichton KJ et al (1993) Stress fractures of the ulna in tennis players using a double-handed backhand stroke. Am J Sports Med 21:751–752

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonis J. (2007) N Engl J Med 7;356(23):2431–2432

    Google Scholar 

  • Brasington R (1990) Nintendinitis. New Engl J Med 322:1473–1474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brutus JP, Chahidi N (2004) Could this unusual scaphoid fracture occurring in a badminton player be a stress fracture? Chir Mai 23:52–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brukner P, Bennell K. (1997) Sports Med 24(6):419–29. Review

    Google Scholar 

  • Bürger H, Müller EJ, Kälicke T (2006) Avascular necrosis of the capitate in athletes. Sportverletz Sportschaden 20:91–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burnham RS, Steadward RD (1994) Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: prevalence, location, and risk factors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:519–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caine D, Nassar L (2005) Gymnastics injuries. Med Sport Sci 48:18–58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caine D, Sands WA, Caine DJ, Borms J (2003) Scientific aspects of women’s gymnastics 45:46–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell CS (1955) Gamekeepr’s thumb. J Bone Joint Surg 37B:148–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsen BT, Moran SL (2009) Thumb trauma: Bennett fractures, Rolando fractures, and ulnar collateral ligament injuries. J Hand Surg 34A:945–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Carneiro RS, Fontana R, Mazzer N (2005) Ulnar wrist pain in athletes caused by erosion of the floor of the sixth dorsal compartment. Am J Sports Med 33:1910–1913

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerezal L, Del Piñal F, Abascal F et al (2002) Imaging findings in ulnar-sided wrist impaction syndromes. Radiographics 22:105–121

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demondion X, Boutry N, Khalil C et al (2008) Plain radiographs of the wrist and hand. J Radiol 89:640–651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiFiori JP, Puffer JC, Aish B, Dorey F (2002) Wrist pain, distal radial physeal injury, and ulnar variance in young gymnasts: does a relationship exist? Am J Sports Med 30:879–885

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diop AN, Ba-Diop S, Sane JC et al (2008) Role of US in the management of the Quervain’s tenosynovitis: review of 22 cases. J Radiol 89:1081–1084

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobyns JH, Gabel GT (1990) Gymnast’s wrist. Hand Clin 6:493–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dufek P, Ostendorf U, Thormählen F (1999) Stress fractures of the ulna in a table tennis player. Sportverletz Sportschade 13:62–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engel A, Feldner-Busztin H (1991) Bilateral stress fracture of the scaphoid. A case report. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 110:314–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fragniere B, Landry M, Siegrist O (2001) Stress fracture of the ulna in a professional tennis player using a double-handed backhand stroke. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 9:239–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golimbu CN, Firooznia H, Rafii M (1995) Avascular necrosis of carpal bones. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 3:281–303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross MS, Gelberman RH (1984) The anatomy of the distal ulnar tunnel. Clin Orthop 196:238–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Guha AR, Marynissen H (2002) Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate. Br J Sports Med 36:224–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hafner R, Poznanski AK, Donovan JM (1989) Ulnar variance in children: standard measurements for evaluation of ulnar shortening in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, hereditary multiple exostosis and other bone or joint disorders in childhood. Skeletal Radiol 18:513–516

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton HK (1984) Stress fracture of the diaphysis of the ulna in a body builder. Am J Sports Med 12:405–406

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helal B (1978a) Chronic overuse injuries of the piso-triquetal joint in racquet game palyers. Br J Sports Med 12:195–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helal B (1978b) Racquet player’s pisiform. Hand 10:87–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry M (2008) Arthroscopic management of dorsal wrist impingement. J Hand Surg 33:1201–1204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernán-Prado MA, Laplaza FJ (2001) Distal radius epiphysiolysis associated with scaphoid fractures in immadure patients: report of two cases and review of the literatura. J Orthop Trauma 15:73–77

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heuck A, Hochholzer T, Keinath C (1992) MRI of the hand and wrist of sports climbers. Imaging of injuries and consequences of stress overload. Radiologe 32:248–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosey RG, Hauk JM, Boland MR (2006) Scaphoid stress fracture: an unusual cause of wrist pain in a competitive diver. Orthopedics 29:503–505

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu MC, Lue KH, Lin ZI (2005) Stress fracture at the junction of the middle and distal third of the ulnar diaphysis in a spinner bowler: a case report and a review of the literature. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13:499–504

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inagaki H, Inoue G (1997) Stress fracture of the scaphoid combined with the distal radial epiphysiolysis. Br J Sports Med 31:256–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Itadera E, Ichikawa N, Hashizume H, Inoue H (2001) Stress fracture of the lunar styloid process in kendo player- a case report. Hand Surg 6:109–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones GL (2006) Upper extremity stress fractures. Clin Sports Med 25:159–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jowett AD, Brukner PD (1997) Fifth metacarpal stress fracture in a female softball pitcher. Clin J Sport Med 7:220–221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalainov DM, Hartigan BJ (2003) Bicycling-induced ulnar tunnel syndrome. Am J Orthop 32:210–211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klauser A, Bodner G, Frauscher F et al (1999) Finger injuries in extreme rock climbers, assessment of high resolution ultrasonography. Am J Sports Med 27:733–737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klauser A, Frauscher F, Bodner G et al (2002) Finger pulley injuries in extreme rock climbers: depiction with dynamic US. Radiology 222:755–761

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koskinen SK, Mattila KT, Alanen AM, Aro HT (1997) Stress fracture of the ulnar diaphysis in a recreational golfer. Clin J Sports Med 7:63–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzetta M, Foucher G (1993) Entrapment of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (Wartenberg’s syndrome). A report of 53 cases. Int Orthop 17:342–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanzetta M, Foucher G (1995) Association of Wartenberg’s syndrome and De Quervain’s disease: a series of 26 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 96:408–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JK, Yao L (1988) Stress fractures: MR imaging. Radiology 169:217–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH (1985) Athletic injuries of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res (198):141–151

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLennan AJ, Nemechek NM, Waitayawinyu T, Trumble TE (2008) Diagnosis and anatomic reconstruction of extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation. J Hand Surg 33:1682–1683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magee T (2009) Comparison of 3-T MRI and arthroscopy of intrinsic wrist ligament and TFCC tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:80–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maimaris C, Zadeh HG (1990) Ulnar nerve compression in the cyclist’s hand: two cases and review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 24:245–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal A, Imran D, Erdmann M (2005) Prolonged use of electronic games-a word of caution. Injury 36:218–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maquirriain J, Ghisi JP (2006) The incidence and distribution of stress fractures in elite tennis players. Br J Sports Med 40:454–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maquirriain J, Ghisi JP (2007) Stress injury of the lunate in tennis players: a case series and related biomechanical considerations. Br J Sports Med 41:812–815

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Masmejean EH, Chavane H, Chantegret A et al (1999) The wrist of the formula 1 driver. Br J Sports Med 33:270–273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzkin E, Singer DI (2000) Scaphoid stress fracture in a 13-year-old gymnast: a case report. J Hand Surg [Am] 25:710–713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazione M, Pizzutillo PD (1981) Stress fracture of the scaphoid waist. A case report. Am J Sports Med 9:268–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCue FC III, Cabrera JM (1992) Common athletic digital joint injuries of the hand. In: Strickland JW, Rettig AC (eds) Hand injuries in athletes. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 49–94

    Google Scholar 

  • McNally E, Wilson D, Seiler S (2005) Rowing injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 9:379–396

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montalvan B, Parier J, Brasseur JL et al (2006) Extensor carpi ulnaris injuries in tennis players: a study of 28 cases. Br J Sports Med 40:424–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muramatsu K, Kuriyama R (2005) Stress fracture at the base of second metacarpal in a soft tennis player. Clin J Sport Med 15:279–280

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nett MP, Collins MS, Sperling JW (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of acute ‘wiitis’ of the upper extremity. Skeletal Radiol 37:481–483

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osterman AL, Weinberg P, Miller G (1987) Joystick digit. JAMA 257:782

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osterman AL, Moskow L, Low DW (1988) Soft-tissue injuries of the hand and wrist in racquet sports. Clin Sports Med 7:329–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer AK (1989) Triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions: a classification. J Hand Surg 14:594–606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer AK, Werner FW (1984) Biomechanics of the distal radioulnar joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 187:26–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petschnig R, Wurnig C, Rosen A, Baron R (1997) Stress fracture of the ulna in a female table tennis tournament player. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37:225–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plancher KD, Ho CP, Cofield SS et al (1999) Role of MR imaging in the management of “skier’s thumb”. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 7:73–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plate AM, Green SM (2000) Compressive radial neuropathies. Instr Course Lect 49:295–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Recht MP, Goodwin DW, Winalski CS, White LM (2005) MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185:899–914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reekers JA, Koedam N (1998) Volleyball-related ischemia of the hand. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21:261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reekers JA, den Hartog BMG, Kuyper CF et al (1993) Traumatic aneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: a volleyball player’s disease? J Vasc Interv Radiol 4:405–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rettig AC (2004) Athletic injuries of the wrist and hand: part II Overuse injuries of the wrist and traumatic injuries to the hand. Am J sports Med 32:262–273

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi C, Cellocco P, Margaritondo E, Bizzarri F, Costanzo G (2005) De Quervain disease in volleyball players. Am J Sports Med 33:424–427

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruland RT, Hogan CJ (2008) The ECU synergy test: an aid to diagnose ECU tendonitis. J Hand Surg 33A:1777–1782

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawaizumi T, Nanno M, Ito H (2007) De Quervain’s disease: efficacy of intra-sheath triamcinolone injection. Int Orthop 31:265–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schöffl VR, Schöffl I (2006) Injuries to the finger flexor pulley system in rock climbers: current concepts. J Hand Surg Am 31A:647–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spinner M, Kaplan EB (1970) Extensor carpi ulnaris: its relationship to the stability of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Clin Orthop 68:124–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stabler A, Heuk A, Reiser M (1997) Imaging of the hand: degeneration, impingement and overuse. Eur J Radiol 25:118–128

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steunebrink M, de Winter D, Tol JL (2008) Bilateral stress fracture of the ulna in an adult weightlifter: a case report. Acta Orthop Belg 74:851–855

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Street JM (1993) Radiographs of phalangeal fractures: importance of the internally rotated oblique projection for diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160:575–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tagliafico AS, Ameri P, Michaud J, Derchi LE, Sormani MP, Martinoli C (2009) Wrist injuries in nonprofessional tennis players: relationships with different grips. Am J Sports Med 37:760–767

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanabe S, Nakahira J, Bando E et al (1991) Fatigue fracture of the ulna occurring in pitchers of fast-pitch softball. Am J Sports Med 19:317–321

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tryfonidis M, Jass GK, Charalambous CP et al (2005) Superficial branch of the radial nerve piercing the brachioradialis tendon to become subcutaneous: an anatomical variation with clinical relevance. Hand Surg 10:141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanlandewijck Y, Theisen D, Daly D (2001) Wheelchair propulsion biomechanics: implications for wheelchair sports. Sports Med 31:339–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlychou M, Spanomichos G, Chatziioannou A et al (2001) Embolisation of a traumatic aneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery in a volleyball player. Br J Sports Med 35:136–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webb BG, Rettig LA (2008) Gymnastic wrist injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep 7:289–295

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White JC, Johnson RK (2003) Unusual entrapment neuropathy in a golf player. Neurology 60:885

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi T, Ikuta Y (2007) Climber’s finger. Hand Surg 12:59–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young CC, Raasch WG, Geiser C (1995) Ulnar stress fracture of the nondominant arm in a tennis player using a two-handed backhand. Clin J Sports Med 5:262–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zapata LG, Moraes AJ, Leone C et al (2006) Pain and musculoskeletal pain syndromes related to computer and video game use in adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 165:408–414

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mario Maas .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Canete, A.N., de Jonge, M.C., Nusman, C.M., Terra, M.P., Maas, M. (2010). Wrist and Hand. In: Karantanas, A. (eds) Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88589-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88590-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics