Abstract
Radiologists diagnosing overuse injuries in hand and wrist must have detailed knowledge of anatomy, sports specific biomechanics and sense of awareness of the sports specific pathology. Overuse injury in wrist and hand can occur in bones, tendons, ligaments, vessels and nerves. Plain film, with standardized PA and lateral films is the mainstay for initial imaging workup. MRI is extremely helpful, particularly when using a dedicated wrist coil and high field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) MR scanners. Routinely there is no need for MR arthrography
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ablett CT, Hackett LA (2008) Hypothenar hammer syndrome: case reports and brief overview. Clin Med Res 6:3–8
American College of Radiology. Appropriateness criteria. www.acr.org
Ardèvol J, Henriquez A (2002) Hook of the hamate non-union: suspicion of stress-induced mechanism in a hockey player. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10:61–63
Arko FR, Harris EJ, Zarins CK, Olcott C IV (2001) Vascular complications in high-performing athletes. J Vasc Surg 33:935–942
Bartelmann U, Kalb K, Schmitt R, Fröhner S (2001) Radiologic diagnosis of lunate necrosis. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 33:365–378
Bayer T, Schweizer A (2009) Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate as a result of intensive climbing. J Hand Surg Eur 34:276–277
Beckers A, Koebke J (1998) Mechanical strain at the pisotriquetral joint. Clin Anat 11:320–326
Bespalchuk A, Okada K, Nishida J (2004) Stress fracture of the second metacarpal bone. Skeletal Radiol 33:537–540
Bollen SR, Robinson DG, Crichton KJ et al (1993) Stress fractures of the ulna in tennis players using a double-handed backhand stroke. Am J Sports Med 21:751–752
Bonis J. (2007) N Engl J Med 7;356(23):2431–2432
Brasington R (1990) Nintendinitis. New Engl J Med 322:1473–1474
Brutus JP, Chahidi N (2004) Could this unusual scaphoid fracture occurring in a badminton player be a stress fracture? Chir Mai 23:52–54
Brukner P, Bennell K. (1997) Sports Med 24(6):419–29. Review
Bürger H, Müller EJ, Kälicke T (2006) Avascular necrosis of the capitate in athletes. Sportverletz Sportschaden 20:91–95
Burnham RS, Steadward RD (1994) Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: prevalence, location, and risk factors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75:519–524
Caine D, Nassar L (2005) Gymnastics injuries. Med Sport Sci 48:18–58
Caine D, Sands WA, Caine DJ, Borms J (2003) Scientific aspects of women’s gymnastics 45:46–71
Campbell CS (1955) Gamekeepr’s thumb. J Bone Joint Surg 37B:148–149
Carlsen BT, Moran SL (2009) Thumb trauma: Bennett fractures, Rolando fractures, and ulnar collateral ligament injuries. J Hand Surg 34A:945–952
Carneiro RS, Fontana R, Mazzer N (2005) Ulnar wrist pain in athletes caused by erosion of the floor of the sixth dorsal compartment. Am J Sports Med 33:1910–1913
Cerezal L, Del Piñal F, Abascal F et al (2002) Imaging findings in ulnar-sided wrist impaction syndromes. Radiographics 22:105–121
Demondion X, Boutry N, Khalil C et al (2008) Plain radiographs of the wrist and hand. J Radiol 89:640–651
DiFiori JP, Puffer JC, Aish B, Dorey F (2002) Wrist pain, distal radial physeal injury, and ulnar variance in young gymnasts: does a relationship exist? Am J Sports Med 30:879–885
Diop AN, Ba-Diop S, Sane JC et al (2008) Role of US in the management of the Quervain’s tenosynovitis: review of 22 cases. J Radiol 89:1081–1084
Dobyns JH, Gabel GT (1990) Gymnast’s wrist. Hand Clin 6:493–505
Dufek P, Ostendorf U, Thormählen F (1999) Stress fractures of the ulna in a table tennis player. Sportverletz Sportschade 13:62–4
Engel A, Feldner-Busztin H (1991) Bilateral stress fracture of the scaphoid. A case report. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 110:314–315
Fragniere B, Landry M, Siegrist O (2001) Stress fracture of the ulna in a professional tennis player using a double-handed backhand stroke. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 9:239–241
Golimbu CN, Firooznia H, Rafii M (1995) Avascular necrosis of carpal bones. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 3:281–303
Gross MS, Gelberman RH (1984) The anatomy of the distal ulnar tunnel. Clin Orthop 196:238–247
Guha AR, Marynissen H (2002) Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate. Br J Sports Med 36:224–225
Hafner R, Poznanski AK, Donovan JM (1989) Ulnar variance in children: standard measurements for evaluation of ulnar shortening in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, hereditary multiple exostosis and other bone or joint disorders in childhood. Skeletal Radiol 18:513–516
Hamilton HK (1984) Stress fracture of the diaphysis of the ulna in a body builder. Am J Sports Med 12:405–406
Helal B (1978a) Chronic overuse injuries of the piso-triquetal joint in racquet game palyers. Br J Sports Med 12:195–198
Helal B (1978b) Racquet player’s pisiform. Hand 10:87–90
Henry M (2008) Arthroscopic management of dorsal wrist impingement. J Hand Surg 33:1201–1204
Hernán-Prado MA, Laplaza FJ (2001) Distal radius epiphysiolysis associated with scaphoid fractures in immadure patients: report of two cases and review of the literatura. J Orthop Trauma 15:73–77
Heuck A, Hochholzer T, Keinath C (1992) MRI of the hand and wrist of sports climbers. Imaging of injuries and consequences of stress overload. Radiologe 32:248–254
Hosey RG, Hauk JM, Boland MR (2006) Scaphoid stress fracture: an unusual cause of wrist pain in a competitive diver. Orthopedics 29:503–505
Hsu MC, Lue KH, Lin ZI (2005) Stress fracture at the junction of the middle and distal third of the ulnar diaphysis in a spinner bowler: a case report and a review of the literature. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13:499–504
Inagaki H, Inoue G (1997) Stress fracture of the scaphoid combined with the distal radial epiphysiolysis. Br J Sports Med 31:256–257
Itadera E, Ichikawa N, Hashizume H, Inoue H (2001) Stress fracture of the lunar styloid process in kendo player- a case report. Hand Surg 6:109–111
Jones GL (2006) Upper extremity stress fractures. Clin Sports Med 25:159–174
Jowett AD, Brukner PD (1997) Fifth metacarpal stress fracture in a female softball pitcher. Clin J Sport Med 7:220–221
Kalainov DM, Hartigan BJ (2003) Bicycling-induced ulnar tunnel syndrome. Am J Orthop 32:210–211
Klauser A, Bodner G, Frauscher F et al (1999) Finger injuries in extreme rock climbers, assessment of high resolution ultrasonography. Am J Sports Med 27:733–737
Klauser A, Frauscher F, Bodner G et al (2002) Finger pulley injuries in extreme rock climbers: depiction with dynamic US. Radiology 222:755–761
Koskinen SK, Mattila KT, Alanen AM, Aro HT (1997) Stress fracture of the ulnar diaphysis in a recreational golfer. Clin J Sports Med 7:63–65
Lanzetta M, Foucher G (1993) Entrapment of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (Wartenberg’s syndrome). A report of 53 cases. Int Orthop 17:342–345
Lanzetta M, Foucher G (1995) Association of Wartenberg’s syndrome and De Quervain’s disease: a series of 26 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 96:408–412
Lee JK, Yao L (1988) Stress fractures: MR imaging. Radiology 169:217–220
Linscheid RL, Dobyns JH (1985) Athletic injuries of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res (198):141–151
MacLennan AJ, Nemechek NM, Waitayawinyu T, Trumble TE (2008) Diagnosis and anatomic reconstruction of extensor carpi ulnaris subluxation. J Hand Surg 33:1682–1683
Magee T (2009) Comparison of 3-T MRI and arthroscopy of intrinsic wrist ligament and TFCC tears. AJR Am J Roentgenol 192:80–85
Maimaris C, Zadeh HG (1990) Ulnar nerve compression in the cyclist’s hand: two cases and review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 24:245–246
Mandal A, Imran D, Erdmann M (2005) Prolonged use of electronic games-a word of caution. Injury 36:218–219
Maquirriain J, Ghisi JP (2006) The incidence and distribution of stress fractures in elite tennis players. Br J Sports Med 40:454–4
Maquirriain J, Ghisi JP (2007) Stress injury of the lunate in tennis players: a case series and related biomechanical considerations. Br J Sports Med 41:812–815
Masmejean EH, Chavane H, Chantegret A et al (1999) The wrist of the formula 1 driver. Br J Sports Med 33:270–273
Matzkin E, Singer DI (2000) Scaphoid stress fracture in a 13-year-old gymnast: a case report. J Hand Surg [Am] 25:710–713
Mazione M, Pizzutillo PD (1981) Stress fracture of the scaphoid waist. A case report. Am J Sports Med 9:268–269
McCue FC III, Cabrera JM (1992) Common athletic digital joint injuries of the hand. In: Strickland JW, Rettig AC (eds) Hand injuries in athletes. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 49–94
McNally E, Wilson D, Seiler S (2005) Rowing injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 9:379–396
Montalvan B, Parier J, Brasseur JL et al (2006) Extensor carpi ulnaris injuries in tennis players: a study of 28 cases. Br J Sports Med 40:424–429
Muramatsu K, Kuriyama R (2005) Stress fracture at the base of second metacarpal in a soft tennis player. Clin J Sport Med 15:279–280
Nett MP, Collins MS, Sperling JW (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging of acute ‘wiitis’ of the upper extremity. Skeletal Radiol 37:481–483
Osterman AL, Weinberg P, Miller G (1987) Joystick digit. JAMA 257:782
Osterman AL, Moskow L, Low DW (1988) Soft-tissue injuries of the hand and wrist in racquet sports. Clin Sports Med 7:329–348
Palmer AK (1989) Triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions: a classification. J Hand Surg 14:594–606
Palmer AK, Werner FW (1984) Biomechanics of the distal radioulnar joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res 187:26–35
Petschnig R, Wurnig C, Rosen A, Baron R (1997) Stress fracture of the ulna in a female table tennis tournament player. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 37:225–227
Plancher KD, Ho CP, Cofield SS et al (1999) Role of MR imaging in the management of “skier’s thumb”. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 7:73–84
Plate AM, Green SM (2000) Compressive radial neuropathies. Instr Course Lect 49:295–304
Recht MP, Goodwin DW, Winalski CS, White LM (2005) MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185:899–914
Reekers JA, Koedam N (1998) Volleyball-related ischemia of the hand. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21:261
Reekers JA, den Hartog BMG, Kuyper CF et al (1993) Traumatic aneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery: a volleyball player’s disease? J Vasc Interv Radiol 4:405–408
Rettig AC (2004) Athletic injuries of the wrist and hand: part II Overuse injuries of the wrist and traumatic injuries to the hand. Am J sports Med 32:262–273
Rossi C, Cellocco P, Margaritondo E, Bizzarri F, Costanzo G (2005) De Quervain disease in volleyball players. Am J Sports Med 33:424–427
Ruland RT, Hogan CJ (2008) The ECU synergy test: an aid to diagnose ECU tendonitis. J Hand Surg 33A:1777–1782
Sawaizumi T, Nanno M, Ito H (2007) De Quervain’s disease: efficacy of intra-sheath triamcinolone injection. Int Orthop 31:265–268
Schöffl VR, Schöffl I (2006) Injuries to the finger flexor pulley system in rock climbers: current concepts. J Hand Surg Am 31A:647–654
Spinner M, Kaplan EB (1970) Extensor carpi ulnaris: its relationship to the stability of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Clin Orthop 68:124–129
Stabler A, Heuk A, Reiser M (1997) Imaging of the hand: degeneration, impingement and overuse. Eur J Radiol 25:118–128
Steunebrink M, de Winter D, Tol JL (2008) Bilateral stress fracture of the ulna in an adult weightlifter: a case report. Acta Orthop Belg 74:851–855
Street JM (1993) Radiographs of phalangeal fractures: importance of the internally rotated oblique projection for diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160:575–576
Tagliafico AS, Ameri P, Michaud J, Derchi LE, Sormani MP, Martinoli C (2009) Wrist injuries in nonprofessional tennis players: relationships with different grips. Am J Sports Med 37:760–767
Tanabe S, Nakahira J, Bando E et al (1991) Fatigue fracture of the ulna occurring in pitchers of fast-pitch softball. Am J Sports Med 19:317–321
Tryfonidis M, Jass GK, Charalambous CP et al (2005) Superficial branch of the radial nerve piercing the brachioradialis tendon to become subcutaneous: an anatomical variation with clinical relevance. Hand Surg 10:141
Vanlandewijck Y, Theisen D, Daly D (2001) Wheelchair propulsion biomechanics: implications for wheelchair sports. Sports Med 31:339–367
Vlychou M, Spanomichos G, Chatziioannou A et al (2001) Embolisation of a traumatic aneurysm of the posterior circumflex humeral artery in a volleyball player. Br J Sports Med 35:136–137
Webb BG, Rettig LA (2008) Gymnastic wrist injuries. Curr Sports Med Rep 7:289–295
White JC, Johnson RK (2003) Unusual entrapment neuropathy in a golf player. Neurology 60:885
Yamaguchi T, Ikuta Y (2007) Climber’s finger. Hand Surg 12:59–65
Young CC, Raasch WG, Geiser C (1995) Ulnar stress fracture of the nondominant arm in a tennis player using a two-handed backhand. Clin J Sports Med 5:262–264
Zapata LG, Moraes AJ, Leone C et al (2006) Pain and musculoskeletal pain syndromes related to computer and video game use in adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 165:408–414
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Canete, A.N., de Jonge, M.C., Nusman, C.M., Terra, M.P., Maas, M. (2010). Wrist and Hand. In: Karantanas, A. (eds) Sports Injuries in Children and Adolescents. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-88589-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-88590-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)