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Menstrual Disorders and Vaginal Discharge

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Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

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Abstract

Disorders of menstruation in adolescents are the second most common symptom group after vulvovaginitis and pelvic discharge referred to the paediatric and adolescent gynaecology service. In general, menstrual disorders and problems related to pelvic discharge are benign and self-limiting and diagnostic imaging is not routinely required. However, a number of important conditions merit further clinical evaluation. This chapter considers the role of diagnostic imaging in these disorders.

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Abbreviations

PCOS:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

LCH:

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

E2:

E2-Oestradiol

GnRH:

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

TSH:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

TFT:

Thyroid function tests

IHH:

Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

MFO:

Multifollicular ovary

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

PTHP:

Post traumatic hypopituitarism

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

RCC:

Rathke’s cleft cyst

NIH:

National Institute of Health

ESHRE:

European Society for Reproduction and Embryology

ASRM:

American Society for Reproductive Medicine

AES:

Androgen Excess Society

PCO:

Polycystic ovary morphology

POF:

Premature ovarian failure

POI:

Primary ovarian insufficiency

BPES:

Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome

FMRI:

Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 gene

NCAH:

Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

CAH:

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

ACT:

Adrenocortical tumours

MEN 1:

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1

IVC:

Inferior vena cava

MRKH:

Mayer-Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser

MURCS:

Müllerian duct aplasia, Renal dysplasia, Cervical Somite anomalies

CAIS:

Congenital androgen insensitivity syndrome

MR:

Magnetic Resonance

PAIS:

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome

MAIS:

Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome

SPAIR:

Spectral Adiabatic Inversion Recovery

TSE:

Turbospin Echo

PELVIS:

Perineal haemangioma, external genitalia malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesicorenal abnormalities, imperforate anus and skin tag

SACRAL:

Spinal dysraphism, anogenital anomalies, cutaneous anomalies, and renal and urologic anomalies associated with angioma of lumbosacral localisation)

AR:

Androgen receptor

US:

Ultrasound

CT:

Computed Tomography

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

StAR:

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

LH:

Luteinising hormone

FSH:

Follicle stimulating hormone

DXA:

Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry

AR:

Androgen receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

    Urmi Das

  2. Department of Paediatric Radiology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

    Gurdeep S. Mann

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  1. Urmi Das
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Correspondence to Urmi Das .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Paediatric Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Gurdeep S. Mann

  2. Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Joanne C. Blair

  3. Dept. Paediatric Radiology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, United Kingdom

    Anne S. Garden

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Das, U., Mann, G.S. (2011). Menstrual Disorders and Vaginal Discharge. In: Mann, G., Blair, J., Garden, A. (eds) Imaging of Gynecological Disorders in Infants and Children. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_123

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2010_123

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85601-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85602-3

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