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Morphology–Property Relationship in Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Some Recent Developments

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Book cover Advanced Rubber Composites

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 239))

Abstract

Recently, rubber nanocomposites reinforced with a low volume fraction of nanofillers have attracted great interest due to their fascinating properties. Incorporation of nanofillers such as layered and fibrillated silicate clays, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, calcium carbonate, metal oxides, or silica nanoparticles into elastomers can significantly improve their mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical, electrical, aging, barrier, adhesion, and flame retardancy properties. These also significantly alter the rheological behavior of polymers, even at low filler loading. The properties of nanocomposites depend greatly on the structure of the polymer matrices, the nature of nanofillers, and the method by which they are prepared. It has been established that uniform dispersion of nanofillers in rubber matrices is a general prerequisite for achieving desired mechanical, rheological, and physical characteristics. This review paper addresses some recent developments on the morphology–property relationship of rubber-based nanocomposites reinforced with various nanoparticles. New insights into understanding the properties of these nanocomposites and morphology development will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

χAB :

Rubber–solvent interaction parameter

χCD :

Clay–solvent interaction parameter

10A:

Cloisite 10A

15A:

Cloisite 15A

20A:

Cloisite 20A

30B:

Cloisite 30B

ACM:

Acrylic rubber

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

BIMS:

Brominated poly(isobutylene-co-para-methylstyrene)

BR:

Polybutadiene rubber

Ch:

Chloroform

CNF:

Carbon nanofiber

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CPE:

Chlorinated polyethylene

CR:

Chloroprene rubber

DMA:

Dynamic mechanical analysis

DS-LDH:

Laboratory-synthesized organophilic dodecyl sulfate-intercalated layered double hydroxide

EB:

Electron beam

EELS:

Electron energy loss spectroscopy

EG:

Expanded graphite

EMI:

Electromagnetic interference

ENR:

Epoxidized natural rubber

EPDM:

Ethylene propylene diene methylene rubber

EPR:

Electron paramagnetic resonance

EVA:

Ethylene vinyl acetate

FEM:

Finite element method

FKM:

Fluorocarbon elastomer

F max :

Maximum force value

FTIR/IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

HNBR:

Hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber

HPU:

Hyperbranched polyurethane

HRTEM:

High resolution transmission electron microscopy

IAF:

Interface area function

iPP:

Isotactic polypropylene

k :

Consistency index

K+-:

MMT Potassium montmorillonite clay

LDH:

Layered double hydroxide

MD:

Molecular dynamics

MEK:

Methyl ethyl ketone

MWCNT:

Multiwall carbon nanotubes

n :

Flow behavior index

NA:

Unmodified sodium montmorillonite clay, Cloisite Na+

NBR:

Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber

NR:

Natural rubber

o-MMT:

Organically modified sodium montmorillonite clay

PEB:

Polyethylene butylene

phr:

Parts per hundred parts rubber

PNC:

Polymer nanocomposite

PP:

Polypropylene

PPU:

Polyester polyurethane

PS:

Polystyrene

PU:

Polyurethane

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

RF:

Reinforcement factor

SAF:

Surface area factor

SALS:

Small angle light scattering

SANS:

Small angle neutron scattering

SAXS:

Small angle X-ray scattering

SBR:

Styrene butadiene rubber

SEBS:

Poly(styrene–ethylene-co-butylene–styrene) triblock copolymer

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

Si-69:

Bis(3-triethoxy silylpropyl) tetra sulfide

SP:

Sepiolite clay

SPM:

Scanning probe microscopy

SSEBS:

Sulfonated poly(styrene–ethylene-co-butylene–styrene) triblock copolymer

SSNMR:

Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance

STEM:

Scanning tunneling electron microscopy

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TEOS:

Tetraethoxysilane

T g :

Glass transition temperature

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TPU:

Thermoplastic polyurethane

WAXD:

Wide angle X-ray diffraction

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    A. K. Bhowmick, M. Bhattacharya, S. Mitra, K. Dinesh Kumar, P. K. Maji, A. Choudhury, J. J. George & G. C. Basak

  2. Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, 800013, India

    A. K. Bhowmick

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  1. A. K. Bhowmick
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  1. Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Leibniz-Institut für, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Sachsen, Germany

    Gert Heinrich

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Bhowmick, A.K. et al. (2010). Morphology–Property Relationship in Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Some Recent Developments. In: Heinrich, G. (eds) Advanced Rubber Composites. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 239. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_95

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