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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 161 pp 67–85Cite as

The Long Journey: Actin on the Road to Pro- and Eukaryotic Cells

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Part of the book series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology ((REVIEWS,volume 161))

Abstract

Actin-like proteins comprise a large group of polymorphic proteins that readily form filaments engaged in cytoskeletal functions. Various members have been identified in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, e.g. MreB, ParM and Ta0583, and actin and the actin-related proteins, ARPs, respectively. Therefore, it is assumed that an ancestor of actin/MreB/ParM already existed in the last common progenitor of all cells. In eubacteria and archaea, actin-like proteins are either membrane-associated or freely soluble, and their activities are related to motility, cell shape maintenance, subcellular organization and cell cycle progression. In eukaryotes, all these functions are executed by actin in various isoforms. Additional functions have been described for actin and ARPs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell, and some of those were also discovered in prokaryotes. In the current essay, we compare structures and selected functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic actins and discuss various aspects on how actins may have found their way into bacteria, into the eukaryotic cytoplasm and into the nuclear compartment.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Andreas Bracher (Munich, Germany) for Fig. 1, Joel Defeu Soufo (Freiburg, Germany) for Fig. 2a–d and Cora-Ann Schoenenberger (Basel) for Fig. 2e–f. Our own research mentioned in this article was funded by the German Research Council (DFG) and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. Due to space limitations, the Reference List comprises only selected publications and we apologize to the many authors whose work could not be cited.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38092, Braunschweig, Germany

    Brigitte M. Jockusch

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  1. Brigitte M. Jockusch
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  2. Peter L. Graumann
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Correspondence to Brigitte M. Jockusch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Deptartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Fifth Avenue 3501, Pittsburgh, 15261, Pennsylvania, USA

    Susan G. Amara

  2. MPI für Biophysik, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany

    Ernst Bamberg

  3. Institut für Physiologie I, Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany

    Bernd K. Fleischmann

  4. Medizinische Fakultät, Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologi, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestr. 33, München, 80336, Germany

    Thomas Gudermann

  5. Abt. Neurobiologie, MPI für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Reinhard Jahn

  6. Center for Biomedical Engineering and Te, University of Maryland Baltimore, West Lombard Street 725, Baltimore, 21201, Maryland, USA

    William J. Lederer

  7. Inst. Zytobiologie und, Zytopathologie, Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 5, Marburg, 35033, Germany

    Roland Lill

  8. Lab. Fysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium

    Bernd Nilius

  9. , Abteilung II, Max-Planck-Institut für Herz- und Lungen, Ludwigstr. 43, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany

    Stefan Offermanns

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Dedicated to

Jürgen Wehland, who shared our passion for the actin cytoskeleton

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Jockusch, B.M., Graumann, P.L. (2011). The Long Journey: Actin on the Road to Pro- and Eukaryotic Cells. In: Amara, S., et al. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 161. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 161. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/112_2011_1

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