Conclusion
PVD deposition served well and will continue to serve metallization of advanced copper low-k interconnects in sub 100-nm-dimensions. How long? As long as better, more robust and more economical solutions emerge that can be integrated, provide performance and are reliable.
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Tőkei, Z. (2005). Pushing PVD to the Limits — Recent Advances. In: Zschech, E., Whelan, C., Mikolajick, T. (eds) Materials for Information Technology. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-235-7_6
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