Abstract
The mass production of PEMFC power generators requires a price reduction and, thus, a decrease in the amount of noble metals present in the cathode and anode catalyst layers. Automotive, residential, military, and small scale applications require PEMFC stacks with a Pt-specific power density of at least 0.2 gPt/kW at cell voltages of about 0.65 V. However, existing PEMFC performance corresponds to approximately 0.85-1.1 g Pt/kW. Thus, at least a five-fold reduction of the amount of noble metal in the PEMFC catalyst layer is required for large scale manufacturing [1].
Keywords
- Cell Voltage
- Catalyst Layer
- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- Carbon Aerogel
- Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
7.5 References
Gasteiger H A, Kocha S S, Sompalli B and Wagner F T. Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2005;56:9–35.
Moreno-Castilla C and Maldonado-Hódar F J. Carbon aerogels for catalysis applications: An overview. Carbon, 2005;4(3):455–465.
Wei Y-Z, Fang B, Iwasa S and Kumagai M. A novel electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors, Journal of Power Sources, 2005;141(2):386–391.
Maldonado-Hódar F J, Moreno-Castilla C and Pérez-Cadenas A F. Catalytic combustion of toluene on platinum-containing monolithic carbon aerogels. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004;54(4):217–224.
Baker W S, Long J W, Stroud R M and Rolison D R. Sulfur-functionalized carbon aerogels: a new approach for loading high-surface-area electrode nanoarchitectures with precious metal catalysts. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2004;350(15):80–87.
Marie J, Berthon-Fabry S, Achard P, Chatenet M, Pradourat A and Chainet E. Highly dispersed platinum on carbon aerogels as supported catalysts for PEM fuel cellelectrodes: comparison of two different synthesis paths. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2004;350(15):88–96.
Smirnova A, Dong X, Hara H, Vasiliev A, Sammes N, Novel carbon aerogel-supported catalysts for PEMFC application. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2005;30:149–158.
Saquing C D, Kang D, Aindow M and Erkey C. Investigation of the supercritical deposition of platinum nanoparticles into carbon aerogels. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2005;80(1–3):11–23.
Ihonen J, Jaouen F, Lindbergh G, Lundblad A, and Sundholm G. Investigation of masstransport limitations in the solid polymer fuel cell cathode. Mathematical model. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002;149(4):A437–A447.
Ihonen J, Jaouen F, Lindbergh G, Lundblad A, and Sundholm G. Investigation of Mass-Transport Limitations in the Solid Polymer Fuel Cell Cathode. Experimental. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002;149(4):A448–A454.
Uchida M, Fukuoka Yu, Sugawara Ya, Eda N, and Ohta A. Effects of microstructure of carbon support in the catalyst layer on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996; 143: 2245–2252.
Perry M.L., Newman J, and Cairns J. Mass transport in gas-diffusion electrodes: A diagnostic tool for fuel cell cathodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1998;145:5–15.
Broka K, Ekdunge P. Modelling the PEM fuel cell cathode. J. Appl. Electrochem, 1997;27:281–289.
Broka K, Ekdunge P. Oxygen and hydrogen permeation properties and water uptake of Nafion® 117 membrane and recast film for PEM fuel cell.J. Appl. Electrochem, 1997;27(2):117–123.
Sasikumar G, Ihm J W and Ryu H. Dependence of optimum Nafion content in catalyst layer on platinum loading. Journal of Power Sources, 2004;132:11–17.
Gamburzev S and Appleby A J. Recent progress in performance improvement of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). J. Power Sources, 2002;107:5–12.
Siroma Z, Sasakura T, Yasuda K, Azuma M, Miyazaki Y, Effects of ionomer content on mass transport in gas diffusion electrodes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Electroanal.Chem., 2003;546:73–78.
Qi Z and Kaufman A. Low Pt loading high performance cathodes for PEM fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 2003;107:37–43.
Lee S J, Mukerjee S, McBreen J, Rho Y W, Kho Y T and Lee T H. Effects of Nafion impregnation on performances of PEMFC electrodes. Electrochimica Acta, 1998;43(24):3693–3701.
J. M. Song, S. Y. Cha and W. M. Lee, Optimal composition of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes determined by the AC impedance method. J. Power Sources, 2001;94(1):78–84.
Uribe FA and Zawodzinski TA. A study of polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance at high voltages. Dependence on cathode catalyst layer composition and on voltage conditioning. Electrochimica Acta, 2002;47( 22–23): 3799–3806.
Litster S and McLean G. PEM fuel cell electrodes. J. Power Sources, 2004;130(1–2):61–76.
Haile S M. Fuel cell materials and components. Acta Materialia, 2003; 51(19):5981–6000.
Ch. Song, Fuel processing for low-temperature and high-temperature fuel cells: Challenges, and opportunities for sustainable development in the 21st century, Catalysis Today, 2002;77(1–2):17–49.
Mehta V, Cooper JS. Review and analysis of PEM fuel design and manufacturing. J. Power Sources, 2003;114:32–53.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smirnova, A., Dong, X., Hara, H., Sammes, N.M. (2006). New Generation of Catalyst Layers for PEMFCs Based on Carbon Aerogel Supported Pt Catalyst (CASPC). In: Sammes, N. (eds) Fuel Cell Technology. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-207-1_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-207-1_7
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-85233-974-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-207-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)