Abstract
The acidity of rain is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions, and this concentration depends on two things: the presence of acid-forming substances such as sulfates and nitrates, and the availability of acid-neutralizing substances such as calcium and magnesium salts. Clean rain has a pH value of about 5.6. By comparison, vinegar has a pH of 3. The calculation and mapping of critical loads (CLs) of acidity, sulfur and nitrogen form a basis for assessing the effects of changes in emission and deposition of S and N compounds. So far, these assessments have focused on the relationships between emission reductions of sulfur and nitrogen and the effects of the resulting deposition levels on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Accordingly, the exceedances’ values of critical loads represent the environmental risk assessment to ecosystems and furthermore to human health.
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© 2006 Springer
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Bashkin, V.N. (2006). TRANSBOUNDARY N AND S AIR POLLUTION. In: MODERN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY: SECOND EDITION. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4586-7_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4586-7_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4182-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4586-8
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