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The Redox-Active Tyrosines YZ and YD

  • Chapter
Photosystem II

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 22))

Summary

Photosystem II (PS II) contains two redox-active tyrosines, YD and YZ, located in homologous locations in the reaction center polypeptides D2 and D1, respectively. These are the best characterized of the enzymatic reactions that involve tyrosyl radical formation. The reasons for this extensive knowledge include the ability in PS II to measure tyrosine oxidation and reduction with nanosecond time resolution from liquid helium to room temperature and in preparations that have been modified by site-directed mutagenesis. The abundance and purity of PS II preparations and the recent ability to crystallize them also allows the application of a wide variety of spectroscopic techniques to the characterization of the redox-active tyrosines. This chapter describes the discovery of these redox components, the kinetics, energetics and mechanism of their oxidation and reduction and detailed information on their spectroscopic characteristics with a particular emphasis on magnetic resonance methods. The close interaction of tyrosine YZ with the oxygen-evolving complex has implicated YZ directly in the mechanism of water oxidation. The role of this tyrosine in this mechanism has been the source of a great deal of debate and interest in recent years, heightened by the improving resolution of the PS II crystal structure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research and Development, Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE, 19880-0173, USA

    Bruce A. Diner

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    R. David Britt

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  1. Bruce A. Diner
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  1. The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

    Thomas J. Wydrzynski

  2. Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

    Kimiyuki Satoh

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Diner, B.A., Britt, R.D. (2005). The Redox-Active Tyrosines YZ and YD. In: Wydrzynski, T.J., Satoh, K., Freeman, J.A. (eds) Photosystem II. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4254-X_10

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